功能和 API

Android 17 面向开发者引入了一些出色的新功能和 API。以下部分总结了这些功能，可帮助您开始使用相关 API。

如需详细了解新增、修改和移除的 API，请参阅 API 差异 报告。如需详细了解新的 API，请访问 Android API 参考文档，新 API 会突出显示以方便查看。

您还应查看平台变更可能会影响应用的部分。如需了解详情，请参阅以下页面：

• 以 Android 17 为目标平台时会影响应用的行为变更
• 无论 targetSdkVersion 如何，都会影响所有应用的行为变更。

注意： 此页面列出了一些比较重要的新功能。如需了解更多详细 信息，请参阅 Android 17 版本说明。

核心功能

Android 17 添加了以下与 Android 核心功能相关的新功能。

新的 ProfilingManager 触发器

Android 17 adds several new system triggers to ProfilingManager to help you collect in-depth data to debug performance issues.

The new triggers are:

• TRIGGER_TYPE_COLD_START: Trigger occurs during app cold start. It provides both a call stack sample and a system trace in the response.
• TRIGGER_TYPE_OOM: Trigger occurs when an app throws an OutOfMemoryError and provides a Java Heap Dump in response.
• TRIGGER_TYPE_KILL_EXCESSIVE_CPU_USAGE: Trigger occurs when an app is killed due to abnormal and excessive CPU usage and provides a call stack sample in response.

To understand how to set up the system trigger, see the documentation on trigger-based profiling and how to retrieve and analyze profiling data documentation.

JobDebugInfo API

Android 17 引入了新的 JobDebugInfo API，可帮助开发者调试 其 JobScheduler 作业，包括作业为何未运行、运行了多长时间以及 其他汇总信息。

扩展后的 JobDebugInfo API 的第一个方法是 getPendingJobReasonStats()，该方法会返回一个映射，其中包含作业处于 待执行状态的原因及其各自的累计待执行 时长。此方法将 getPendingJobReasonsHistory() 和 getPendingJobReasons() 方法结合在一起，让您能够了解预定 作业为何未按预期运行，但通过在单个方法中提供时长和作业原因，简化了信息检索。

例如，对于指定的 jobId，该方法可能会返回 PENDING_JOB_REASON_CONSTRAINT_CHARGING 和 60000 毫秒的时长，表明 作业因未满足充电限制而处于待执行状态 60000 毫秒。

通过对允许在空闲时运行的闹钟提供监听器支持来减少唤醒锁定

Android 17 引入了 AlarmManager.setExactAndAllowWhileIdle 的新变体，该变体 接受 OnAlarmListener 而不是 PendingIntent。这种基于回调的新机制非常适合目前依赖于连续唤醒锁来执行定期任务的应用，例如维护套接字连接的消息传递应用。

隐私权

Android 17 包含以下新功能，可提升用户隐私保护。

Android 联系人选择器

Android 联系人选择工具是一个标准化的可浏览界面，供用户与您的应用分享联系人。该选择工具适用于搭载 Android 17（API 级别 37）或更高版本的设备，可作为 READ_CONTACTS 权限的可保护隐私的替代方案。您的应用无需请求访问用户的整个地址簿，而是指定所需的数据字段（例如电话号码或电子邮件地址），然后用户选择要分享的特定联系人。这样，您的应用便只能读取所选数据，从而确保精细控制，同时提供一致的用户体验，并具有内置搜索、个人资料切换和多选功能，而无需构建或维护界面。

如需了解详情，请参阅联系人选择器文档。

安全

Android 17 添加了以下新功能，可提升设备和应用安全性。

Android 高级保护模式 (AAPM)

Android 高级保护模式为 Android 用户提供了一套强大的新安全功能，标志着在保护用户（尤其是面临较高风险的用户）免遭复杂攻击方面迈出了重要一步。AAPM 是一项选择启用功能，只需进行一项配置设置即可激活。用户可以随时启用该功能，以应用一套主观的安全保护措施。

这些核心配置包括：禁止安装未知来源的应用（旁加载）、限制 USB 数据信号传输，以及强制执行 Google Play 保护机制扫描，从而显著减小设备的攻击面。 开发者可以使用 AdvancedProtectionManager API 与此功能集成，以检测模式的状态，从而使应用能够在用户选择启用此模式时自动采用强化型安全姿态或限制高风险功能。

PQC APK 签名

Android now supports a hybrid APK signature scheme to future-proof your app's signing identity against the potential threat of attacks that make use of quantum computing. This feature introduces a new APK Signature Scheme, which lets you pair a classical signing key (such as RSA or EC) with a new post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithm (ML-DSA).

This hybrid approach ensures your app remains secure against future quantum attacks while maintaining full backward compatibility with older Android versions and devices that rely on classical signature verification.

Note: You will need to create a new classical signing key to pair with the PQC key. You cannot reuse your pre-hybrid classical signing key.

Impact on developers

• Apps using Play App Signing: If you use Play App Signing, you can wait for Google Play to give you the option to upgrade a hybrid signature using a PQC key generated by Google Play, ensuring your app is protected without requiring manual key management.
• Apps using self-managed keys: Developers who manage their own signing keys can utilize updated Android build tools (like apksigner) to rotate to a hybrid identity, combining a PQC key with a new classical key. (You must create a new classical key, you cannot reuse the older one.)

连接

Android 17 添加了以下功能，可提升设备和应用连接。

受限卫星网络

Implements optimizations to enable apps to function effectively over low-bandwidth satellite networks.

Note: This feature went live with the Android 16 QPR2 quarterly release. For more information, see Develop for constrained satellite networks.

用户体验和系统界面

Android 17 包含以下变更，可提升用户体验。

专用 Google 助理音量流

Android 17 针对 Google 助理应用引入了专用的 Google 助理音量音频流，以便使用 USAGE_ASSISTANT 进行播放。此项变更将 Google 助理音频与标准媒体音频流分离，让用户可以单独控制这两个音频流的音量。这样一来，您就可以实现以下场景：在将媒体播放静音的同时，保持 Google 助理回答的可听性，反之亦然。

有权访问新的 MODE_ASSISTANT_CONVERSATION 音频模式的助理应用可以进一步提高音量控制的一致性。助理应用可以使用此模式向系统提供有关有效助理会话的提示，确保可以在有效 USAGE_ASSISTANT 播放之外或通过连接的蓝牙外围设备控制助理流。

接力

Handoff is a new feature and API coming to Android 17 that app developers can integrate with to provide cross-device continuity for their users. It allows the user to start an app activity on one Android device and transition it to another Android device. Handoff runs in the background of a user's device and surfaces available activities from the user's other nearby devices through various entry points, like the launcher and taskbar, on the receiving device.

Apps can designate Handoff to launch the same native Android app, if it is installed and available on the receiving device. In this app-to-app flow, the user is deep-linked to the designated activity. Alternatively, app-to-web Handoff can be offered as a fallback option or directly implemented with URL Handoff.

Handoff support is implemented on a per-activity basis. To enable Handoff, call the setHandoffEnabled() method for the activity. Additional data may need to be passed along with the handoff so the recreated activity on the receiving device can restore appropriate state. Implement the onHandoffActivityRequested() callback to return a HandoffActivityData object which contains details that specify how Handoff should handle and recreate the activity on the receiving device.

实时更新 - 语义颜色 API

With Android 17, Live Update launches the Semantic Coloring APIs to support colors with universal meaning.

The following classes support semantic coloring:

• Notification
• Notification.Metric
• Notification.ProgressStyle.Point
• Notification.ProgressStyle.Segment

Coloring

• Green: Associated with safety. This color should be used for the case where it lets people know you are in the safe situation.
• Orange: For designating caution and marking physical hazards. This color should be used in the situation where users need to pay attention to set better protection setting.
• Red: Generally indicates danger, stop. It should be presented for the case where need people's attention urgently.
• Blue: Neutral color for content that is informational and should stand out from other content.

The following example shows how to apply semantic styles to text in a notification:

  val ssb = SpannableStringBuilder()
        .append("Colors: ")
        .append("NONE", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_UNSPECIFIED), 0)
        .append(", ")
        .append("INFO", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_INFO), 0)
        .append(", ")
        .append("SAFE", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_SAFE), 0)
        .append(", ")
        .append("CAUTION", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_CAUTION), 0)
        .append(", ")
        .append("DANGER", Notification.createSemanticStyleAnnotation(SEMANTIC_STYLE_DANGER), 0)

    Notification.Builder(context, channelId)
          .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_icon)
          .setContentTitle("Hello World!")
          .setContentText(ssb)
          .setOngoing(true)
              .setRequestPromotedOngoing(true)

适用于 Android 17 的 UWB 下行链路 TDoA API

下行链路到达时间差 (DL-TDoA) 测距技术可让设备通过测量信号的相对到达时间来确定其相对于多个锚点的位置。

以下代码段演示了如何初始化 Ranging Manager、验证设备功能并启动 DL-TDoA 会话：

Kotlin

class RangingApp {

    fun initDlTdoa(context: Context) {
        // Initialize the Ranging Manager
        val rangingManager = context.getSystemService(RangingManager::class.java)

        // Register for device capabilities
        val capabilitiesCallback = object : RangingManager.CapabilitiesCallback {
            override fun onRangingCapabilities(capabilities: RangingCapabilities) {
                // Make sure Dl-TDoA is supported before starting the session
                if (capabilities.uwbCapabilities != null && capabilities.uwbCapabilities!!.isDlTdoaSupported) {
                    startDlTDoASession(context)
                }
            }
        }
        rangingManager.registerCapabilitiesCallback(Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(), capabilitiesCallback)
    }

    fun startDlTDoASession(context: Context) {

        // Initialize the Ranging Manager
        val rangingManager = context.getSystemService(RangingManager::class.java)

        // Create session and configure parameters
        val executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor()
        val rangingSession = rangingManager.createRangingSession(executor, RangingSessionCallback())
        val rangingRoundIndexes = intArrayOf(0)
        val config: ByteArray = byteArrayOf() // OOB config data
        val params = DlTdoaRangingParams.createFromFiraConfigPacket(config, rangingRoundIndexes)

        val rangingDevice = RangingDevice.Builder().build()
        val rawTagDevice = RawRangingDevice.Builder()
            .setRangingDevice(rangingDevice)
            .setDlTdoaRangingParams(params)
            .build()

        val dtTagConfig = RawDtTagRangingConfig.Builder(rawTagDevice).build()

        val preference = RangingPreference.Builder(DEVICE_ROLE_DT_TAG, dtTagConfig)
            .setSessionConfig(SessionConfig.Builder().build())
            .build()

        // Start the ranging session
        rangingSession.start(preference)
    }
}

private class RangingSessionCallback : RangingSession.Callback {
    override fun onDlTdoaResults(peer: RangingDevice, measurement: DlTdoaMeasurement) {
        // Process measurement results here
    }
}

Java

public class RangingApp {

    public void initDlTdoa(Context context) {

        // Initialize the Ranging Manager
        RangingManager rangingManager = context.getSystemService(RangingManager.class);

        // Register for device capabilities
        RangingManager.CapabilitiesCallback capabilitiesCallback = new RangingManager.CapabilitiesCallback() {
            @Override
            public void onRangingCapabilities(RangingCapabilities capabilities) {
                // Make sure Dl-TDoA is supported before starting the session
                if (capabilities.getUwbCapabilities() != null && capabilities.getUwbCapabilities().isDlTdoaSupported) {
                    startDlTDoASession(context);
                }
            }
        };
        rangingManager.registerCapabilitiesCallback(Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(), capabilitiesCallback);
    }

    public void startDlTDoASession(Context context) {
        RangingManager rangingManager = context.getSystemService(RangingManager.class);

        // Create session and configure parameters
        Executor executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
        RangingSession rangingSession = rangingManager.createRangingSession(executor, new RangingSessionCallback());
        int[] rangingRoundIndexes = new int[] {0};
        byte[] config = new byte[0]; // OOB config data
        DlTdoaRangingParams params = DlTdoaRangingParams.createFromFiraConfigPacket(config, rangingRoundIndexes);

        RangingDevice rangingDevice = new RangingDevice.Builder().build();
        RawRangingDevice rawTagDevice = new RawRangingDevice.Builder()
                .setRangingDevice(rangingDevice)
                .setDlTdoaRangingParams(params)
                .build();

        RawDtTagRangingConfig dtTagConfig = new RawDtTagRangingConfig.Builder(rawTagDevice).build();

        RangingPreference preference = new RangingPreference.Builder(DEVICE_ROLE_DT_TAG, dtTagConfig)
                .setSessionConfig(new SessionConfig.Builder().build())
                .build();

        // Start the ranging session
        rangingSession.start(preference);
    }

    private static class RangingSessionCallback implements RangingSession.Callback {

        @Override
        public void onDlTdoaResults(RangingDevice peer, DlTdoaMeasurement measurement) {
            // Process measurement results here
        }
    }
}

带外 (OOB) 配置

以下代码段提供了 Wi-Fi 和 BLE 的 DL-TDoA OOB 配置数据示例：

Java

// Wifi Configuration
byte[] wifiConfig = {
    (byte) 0xDD, (byte) 0x2D, (byte) 0x5A, (byte) 0x18, (byte) 0xFF, // Header
    (byte) 0x5F, (byte) 0x19, // FiRa Sub-Element
    (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x00, // Profile ID
    (byte) 0x06, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x08, // MAC Address
    (byte) 0x14, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0C, // Preamble Index
    (byte) 0x27, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x07, // Vendor ID
    (byte) 0x28, (byte) 0x06, (byte) 0xCA, (byte) 0xC8, (byte) 0xA6, (byte) 0xF7, (byte) 0x6F, (byte) 0x08, // Static STS IV
    (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x60, (byte) 0x09, // Slot Duration
    (byte) 0x1B, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0A, // Slots per RR
    (byte) 0x09, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0xE8, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, // Duration
    (byte) 0x9F, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0x67, (byte) 0x45, (byte) 0x23, (byte) 0x01  // Session ID
};

// BLE Configuration
byte[] bleConfig = {
    (byte) 0x2D, (byte) 0x16, (byte) 0xF4, (byte) 0xFF, // Header
    (byte) 0x5F, (byte) 0x19, // FiRa Sub-Element
    (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x00, // Profile ID
    (byte) 0x06, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x08, // MAC Address
    (byte) 0x14, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0C, // Preamble Index
    (byte) 0x27, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x07, // Vendor ID
    (byte) 0x28, (byte) 0x06, (byte) 0xCA, (byte) 0xC8, (byte) 0xA6, (byte) 0xF7, (byte) 0x6F, (byte) 0x08, // Static STS IV
    (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x60, (byte) 0x09, // Slot Duration
    (byte) 0x1B, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0A, // Slots per RR
    (byte) 0x09, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0xE8, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, // Duration
    (byte) 0x9F, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0x67, (byte) 0x45, (byte) 0x23, (byte) 0x01  // Session ID
};

如果您无法使用 OOB 配置（因为缺少该配置），或者需要更改不在 OOB 配置中的默认值，则可以使用 DlTdoaRangingParams.Builder 构建参数，如以下代码段所示。您可以使用以下参数代替 DlTdoaRangingParams.createFromFiraConfigPacket()：

Kotlin

val dlTdoaParams = DlTdoaRangingParams.Builder(1)
    .setComplexChannel(UwbComplexChannel.Builder()
            .setChannel(9).setPreambleIndex(10).build())
    .setDeviceAddress(deviceAddress)
    .setSessionKeyInfo(byteArrayOf(0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04))
    .setRangingIntervalMillis(240)
    .setSlotDuration(UwbRangingParams.DURATION_2_MS)
    .setSlotsPerRangingRound(20)
    .setRangingRoundIndexes(byteArrayOf(0x01, 0x05))
    .build()

Java

DlTdoaRangingParams dlTdoaParams = new DlTdoaRangingParams.Builder(1)
    .setComplexChannel(new UwbComplexChannel.Builder()
            .setChannel(9).setPreambleIndex(10).build())
    .setDeviceAddress(deviceAddress)
    .setSessionKeyInfo(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04})
    .setRangingIntervalMillis(240)
    .setSlotDuration(UwbRangingParams.DURATION_2_MS)
    .setSlotsPerRangingRound(20)
    .setRangingRoundIndexes(new byte[]{0x01, 0x05})
    .build();