改进音频播放
使用集合让一切井井有条
根据您的偏好保存内容并对其进行分类。
当您尝试使用 USB API 直接访问 USB 音频外设时,
可能出现的任何问题。这些问题可能包括:安全问题、媒体受限
以及经过以下时间的闹钟、通知和铃声丢失
USB 设备。
如需改善音频播放,请改为配置混音器属性。
使用
AudioMixerAttributes
API、
您可以通过 USB 使用首选的混音器属性配置您的应用。
当应用播放与编码格式、通道掩码和样本匹配时
首选混音器属性的百分比,则播放将附加到音频
输出流,其混音器配置了首选混音器属性。
您的应用能够以任何配置流式传输到硬件抽象
层 (HAL) 发出,并上传到设备,只要 USB 设备支持
配置。
AudioMixerAttributes
中允许的两种混音器行为是 DEFAULT
和
BIT_PERFECT
。当混音器行为为 DEFAULT
时,表示音频
来自不同来源的数据各不相同。
当混音器行为为 BIT_PERFECT
时,不进行混音、调整音量
或经过音频处理的效果会应用到播放中。数据会以
向下连接到 HAL,最后向下连接到 USB 设备。
借助“BIT_PERFECT
”,你可以直接直播
数字 (DSD) 脉冲编码调制 (PCM)。
以下代码示例展示了如何完成此操作:
Kotlin
val EXPECTED_FORMAT: AudioFormat = AudioFormat.Builder()
.setEncoding(AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_24BIT_PACKED)
.setChannelMask(AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO)
.setSampleRate(44100)
.build()
fun startPlayback() {
// Query all supported mixer attributes
val mixerAttributesList: List<AudioMixerAttributes?> =
mAudioManager.getSupportedMixerAttributes(usbDevice)
// Find the wanted mixer attributes
val mixerAttributes = mixerAttributesList.stream()
.filter { mixerAttr: AudioMixerAttributes? ->
EXPECTED_FORMAT.equals(
mixerAttr!!.format
)
}
.findAny()
.orElse(null)
// Register a listener to mixer attributes changed
val listener = MyPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener()
mAudioManager.addOnPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener(
Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(), listener
)
// Currently, only media usage over USB devices will be allowed
val attr: AudioAttributes = AudioAttributes.Builder()
.setUsage(AudioAttributes.USAGE_MEDIA).build()
// Set preferred mixer attributes
mAudioManager.setPreferredMixerAttributes(
attr, usbDevice, mixerAttributes
)
// Start playback, note the playback and the audio format must
// match what is set when calling `setPreferredMixerAttriutes`
// API.
val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
.setAudioAttributes(attr)
.setAudioFormat(mixerAttributes!!.format)
.build()
// Clear all preferred mixer attributes related stuff when
// playback task is completed
mAudioManager.clearPreferredMixerAttributes(attr, usbDevice)
mAudioManager.removeOnPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener(listener)
}
private class MyPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener :
AudioManager.OnPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener {
override fun onPreferredMixerAttributesChanged(
attributes: AudioAttributes,
device: AudioDeviceInfo,
mixerAttributes: AudioMixerAttributes?,
) {
// Do something when preferred mixer attributes changed
}
}
Java
final AudioFormat EXPECTED_FORMAT = new AudioFormat.Builder()
.setEncoding(AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_24BIT_PACKED)
.setChannelMask(AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO)
.setSampleRate(44100)
.build();
void startPlayback() {
// Query all supported mixer attributes
List<AudioMixerAttributes> mixerAttributesList =
mAudioManager.getSupportedMixerAttributes(usbDevice);
// Find the wanted mixer attributes
AudioMixerAttributes mixerAttributes =
mixerAttributesList.stream()
.filter(mixerAttr -> EXPECTED_FORMAT.equals(mixerAttr.getFormat()))
.findAny()
.orElse(null);
// Register a listener to mixer attributes changed
MyPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener listener =
new MyPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener();
mAudioManager.addOnPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener(
Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(), listener);
// Currently, only media usage over USB devices will be allowed
AudioAttributes attr = new AudioAttributes.Builder()
.setUsage(AudioAttributes.USAGE_MEDIA).build();
// Set preferred mixer attributes
mAudioManager.setPreferredMixerAttributes(
attr, usbDevice, mixerAttributes);
// Start playback, note the playback and the audio format must
// match what is set when calling `setPreferredMixerAttriutes`
// API.
AudioTrack audioTrack = new AudioTrack.Builder()
.setAudioAttributes(attr)
.setAudioFormat(mixerAttributes.getFormat())
.build();
// Clear all preferred mixer attributes related stuff when
// playback task is completed
mAudioManager.clearPreferredMixerAttributes(attr, usbDevice);
mAudioManager.removeOnPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener(
listener);
}
private class MyPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener
implements AudioManager.OnPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener {
@Override
public void onPreferredMixerAttributesChanged(
AudioAttributes attributes,
AudioDeviceInfo device,
AudioMixerAttributes mixerAttributes) {
// Do something when preferred mixer attributes changed
}
}
本页面上的内容和代码示例受内容许可部分所述许可的限制。Java 和 OpenJDK 是 Oracle 和/或其关联公司的注册商标。
最后更新时间 (UTC):2025-07-27。
[null,null,["最后更新时间 (UTC):2025-07-27。"],[],[],null,["# Improve audio playback\n\nWhen you try to directly access the USB audio peripheral using the USB APIs,\nproblems arise. These problems can include: security issues, limiting media\nplayback from other apps, and loss of alarms, notifications, and ringtones over\nUSB devices.\n\nTo improve audio playback, instead configure the mixer attributes.\n\n### Configure mixer attributes\n\nBy using the\n[`AudioMixerAttributes`](/reference/android/media/AudioMixerAttributes) APIs,\nyou can configure your app with preferred mixer attributes over USB.\n\nWhen your app playback matches the encoding format, channel mask, and sample\nrate of the preferred mixer attributes, the playback is attached to the audio\noutput stream whose mixer is configured with the preferred mixer attributes.\n\nYour app can stream at any configuration to the hardware abstraction\nlayer (HAL), and to the device, as long as the USB device supports the\nconfiguration.\n\nThe two allowed mixer behaviors in `AudioMixerAttributes` are `DEFAULT` and\n`BIT_PERFECT`. When the mixer behavior is `DEFAULT`, it indicates that audio\ndata from different sources is mixed.\n\nWhen the mixer behavior is `BIT_PERFECT`, no audio mixing, volume adjustment,\nor audio processed effect is applied to the playback. The data is sent as\nis to the HAL and finally down to the USB device.\n\nUsing `BIT_PERFECT` lets you direct stream\ndigital (DSD) over pulse code modulation (PCM) on Android-powered devices.\nThe following code sample shows how this can be accomplished: \n\n### Kotlin\n\n```kotlin\nval EXPECTED_FORMAT: AudioFormat = AudioFormat.Builder()\n .setEncoding(AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_24BIT_PACKED)\n .setChannelMask(AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO)\n .setSampleRate(44100)\n .build()\n\nfun startPlayback() {\n // Query all supported mixer attributes\n val mixerAttributesList: List\u003cAudioMixerAttributes?\u003e =\n mAudioManager.getSupportedMixerAttributes(usbDevice)\n\n // Find the wanted mixer attributes\n val mixerAttributes = mixerAttributesList.stream()\n .filter { mixerAttr: AudioMixerAttributes? -\u003e\n EXPECTED_FORMAT.equals(\n mixerAttr!!.format\n )\n }\n .findAny()\n .orElse(null)\n\n // Register a listener to mixer attributes changed\n val listener = MyPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener()\n mAudioManager.addOnPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener(\n Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(), listener\n )\n\n // Currently, only media usage over USB devices will be allowed\n val attr: AudioAttributes = AudioAttributes.Builder()\n .setUsage(AudioAttributes.USAGE_MEDIA).build()\n // Set preferred mixer attributes\n mAudioManager.setPreferredMixerAttributes(\n attr, usbDevice, mixerAttributes\n )\n\n // Start playback, note the playback and the audio format must\n // match what is set when calling `setPreferredMixerAttriutes`\n // API.\n val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()\n .setAudioAttributes(attr)\n .setAudioFormat(mixerAttributes!!.format)\n .build()\n\n // Clear all preferred mixer attributes related stuff when\n // playback task is completed\n mAudioManager.clearPreferredMixerAttributes(attr, usbDevice)\n mAudioManager.removeOnPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener(listener)\n}\n\nprivate class MyPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener :\n AudioManager.OnPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener {\n override fun onPreferredMixerAttributesChanged(\n attributes: AudioAttributes,\n device: AudioDeviceInfo,\n mixerAttributes: AudioMixerAttributes?,\n ) {\n // Do something when preferred mixer attributes changed\n }\n}\n```\n\n### Java\n\n```java\nfinal AudioFormat EXPECTED_FORMAT = new AudioFormat.Builder()\n .setEncoding(AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_24BIT_PACKED)\n .setChannelMask(AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO)\n .setSampleRate(44100)\n .build();\n\nvoid startPlayback() {\n // Query all supported mixer attributes\n List\u003cAudioMixerAttributes\u003e mixerAttributesList =\n mAudioManager.getSupportedMixerAttributes(usbDevice);\n\n // Find the wanted mixer attributes\n AudioMixerAttributes mixerAttributes =\n mixerAttributesList.stream()\n .filter(mixerAttr -\u003e EXPECTED_FORMAT.equals(mixerAttr.getFormat()))\n .findAny()\n .orElse(null);\n\n // Register a listener to mixer attributes changed\n MyPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener listener =\n new MyPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener();\n mAudioManager.addOnPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener(\n Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(), listener);\n\n // Currently, only media usage over USB devices will be allowed\n AudioAttributes attr = new AudioAttributes.Builder()\n .setUsage(AudioAttributes.USAGE_MEDIA).build();\n // Set preferred mixer attributes\n mAudioManager.setPreferredMixerAttributes(\n attr, usbDevice, mixerAttributes);\n\n // Start playback, note the playback and the audio format must\n // match what is set when calling `setPreferredMixerAttriutes`\n // API.\n AudioTrack audioTrack = new AudioTrack.Builder()\n .setAudioAttributes(attr)\n .setAudioFormat(mixerAttributes.getFormat())\n .build();\n\n // Clear all preferred mixer attributes related stuff when\n // playback task is completed\n mAudioManager.clearPreferredMixerAttributes(attr, usbDevice);\n mAudioManager.removeOnPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener(\n listener);\n}\n\nprivate class MyPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener\n implements AudioManager.OnPreferredMixerAttributesChangedListener {\n @Override\n public void onPreferredMixerAttributesChanged(\n AudioAttributes attributes,\n AudioDeviceInfo device,\n AudioMixerAttributes mixerAttributes) {\n // Do something when preferred mixer attributes changed\n }\n}\n```"]]