A partir de Android 14 (API nivel 34), debes declarar un tipo de servicio adecuado para cada servicio en primer plano. Esto significa que debes declarar el tipo de servicio en el manifiesto de tu app y también solicitar el permiso de servicio en primer plano adecuado para ese tipo (además de solicitar el permiso FOREGROUND_SERVICE). Además, según el tipo de servicio en primer plano, es posible que debas solicitar permisos de tiempo de ejecución antes de iniciar el servicio.
Cámara
- 要在清单中
android:foregroundServiceType下声明的前台服务类型 camera- 要在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CAMERA- 要传递给
startForeground()的常量 FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA- 运行时前提条件
请求并被授予
CAMERA运行时权限- 说明
继续在后台访问相机,例如支持多任务的视频聊天应用。
Dispositivo conectado
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceTypeconnectedDevice- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CONNECTED_DEVICE- Constant to pass to
startForeground() FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CONNECTED_DEVICE- Runtime prerequisites
At least one of the following conditions must be true:
Declare at least one of the following permissions in your manifest:
Request and be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:
- Description
Interactions with external devices that require a Bluetooth, NFC, IR, USB, or network connection.
- Alternatives
If your app needs to do continuous data transfer to an external device, consider using the companion device manager instead. Use the companion device presence API to help your app stay running while the companion device is in range.
If your app needs to scan for bluetooth devices, consider using the Bluetooth scan API instead.
Sincronización de datos
- 要在清单中声明的前台服务类型,位于
android:foregroundServiceTypedataSync- 要在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_DATA_SYNC- 要传递给
startForeground()的常量 FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_DATA_SYNC- 运行时前提条件
- 无
- 说明
数据传输操作,例如:
- 数据上传或下载
- 备份和恢复操作
- 导入或导出操作
- 获取数据
- 本地文件处理
- 通过网络在设备和云端之间传输数据
- 替代方案
如需了解详情,请参阅数据同步前台服务的替代方案。
Salud
- 要在清单中的以下位置声明的前台服务类型
android:foregroundServiceTypehealth- 在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_HEALTH- 要传递给
startForeground()的常量 FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_HEALTH- 运行时前提条件
必须至少满足以下其中一个条件:
在清单中声明
HIGH_SAMPLING_RATE_SENSORS权限。至少请求并被授予以下其中一项运行时权限:
- 说明
为健身类别的应用(例如锻炼追踪器)提供支持的所有长时间运行的用例。
Ubicación
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceTypelocation- Permission to declare in your manifest
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_LOCATION- Constant to pass to
startForeground() FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION- Runtime prerequisites
The user must have enabled location services and the app must be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:
- Description
Long-running use cases that require location access, such as navigation and location sharing.
- Alternatives
If your app needs to be triggered when the user reaches specific locations, consider using the geofence API instead.
Contenido multimedia
- 要在清单中声明的前台服务类型,位于
android:foregroundServiceTypemediaPlayback- 要在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK- 要传递给
startForeground()的常量 FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK- 运行时前提条件
- 无
- 说明
在后台继续播放音频或视频。在 Android TV 上支持数字视频录制 (DVR) 功能。
- 替代方案
如果您要显示画中画视频,请使用画中画模式。
Procesando archivos multimedia
- 要在清单中的以下位置声明的前台服务类型
android:foregroundServiceTypemediaProcessing- 在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROCESSING- 要传递给
startForeground()的常量 FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROCESSING- 运行时前提条件
- 无
- 说明
用于对媒体资源执行耗时的操作(例如将媒体转换为其他格式)的服务。系统允许此服务运行的时间有限;在正常情况下,此时限为每天 24 小时中的 6 小时。(此限制由应用的所有
mediaProcessing前台服务共享。)在以下情况下,您的应用应手动停止媒体处理服务:
- 当转码操作完成或达到失败状态时,让服务调用
Service.stopForeground()和Service.stopSelf()以完全停止服务。
- 当转码操作完成或达到失败状态时,让服务调用
如果超时期限已到,系统会调用服务的
Service.onTimeout(int, int)方法。此时,该服务有几秒钟的时间来调用Service.stopSelf()。如果服务未调用Service.stopSelf(),则会发生 ANR,并显示以下错误消息:“<fgs_type> 的前台服务未在超时时间内停止:<component_name>”。注意:
Service.onTimeout(int, int)不适用于 Android 14 或更低版本。在搭载这些版本的设备上,如果媒体处理服务达到超时期限,系统会立即缓存应用。因此,您的应用不应等待收到超时通知。相反,它应在适当情况下尽快终止前台服务或将其更改为后台服务。
Proyección de contenido multimedia
- 要在清单中声明的前台服务类型,位于
android:foregroundServiceTypemediaProjection- 要在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROJECTION- 要传递给
startForeground()的常量 FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROJECTION- 运行时前提条件
在启动前台服务之前,调用
createScreenCaptureIntent()方法。这样做会向用户显示权限通知;用户必须授予权限,您才能创建服务。创建前台服务后,您可以调用
MediaProjectionManager.getMediaProjection()。- 说明
使用
MediaProjectionAPI 将内容投影到非主要显示屏或外部设备。这些内容不必全都为媒体内容。- 替代方案
如需将媒体内容流式传输到其他设备,请使用 Google Cast SDK。
Micrófono
- 要在清单中声明的前台服务类型,位于
android:foregroundServiceTypemicrophone- 要在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MICROPHONE- 要传递给
startForeground()的常量 FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MICROPHONE- 运行时前提条件
请求并被授予
RECORD_AUDIO运行时权限。- 说明
在后台继续捕获麦克风内容,例如录音器或通信应用。
Llamada telefónica
- 要在清单中声明的前台服务类型,位于
android:foregroundServiceTypephoneCall- 要在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_PHONE_CALL- 要传递给
startForeground()的常量 FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_PHONE_CALL- 运行时前提条件
必须满足以下至少一个条件:
- 应用已在其清单文件中声明
MANAGE_OWN_CALLS权限。
- 应用已在其清单文件中声明
- 应用通过
ROLE_DIALER角色成为默认的拨号器应用。
- 应用通过
- 说明
使用
ConnectionServiceAPI 继续当前通话。- 替代方案
如果您需要拨打手机、视频或 VoIP 通话,不妨考虑使用
android.telecom库。考虑使用
CallScreeningService来过滤来电。
Mensajería remota
- 要在清单中的以下位置声明的前台服务类型
android:foregroundServiceTyperemoteMessaging- 在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_REMOTE_MESSAGING- 要传递给
startForeground()的常量 FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_REMOTE_MESSAGING- 运行时前提条件
- 无
- 说明
- 将短信从一台设备转移到另一台设备。在用户切换设备时,帮助确保用户消息任务的连续性。
Servicio corto
- Foreground service type to declare in manifest under
android:foregroundServiceTypeshortService- Permission to declare in your manifest
- None
- Constant to pass to
startForeground() FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE- Runtime prerequisites
- None
- Description
Quickly finish critical work that cannot be interrupted or postponed.
This type has some unique characteristics:
- Can only run for a short period of time (about 3 minutes).
- No support for sticky foreground services.
- Cannot start other foreground services.
- Doesn't require a type-specific permission, though it still
requires the
FOREGROUND_SERVICEpermission. - A
shortServicecan only change to another service type if the app is currently eligible to start a new foreground service. - A foreground service can change its type to
shortServiceat any time, at which point the timeout period begins.
The timeout for shortService begins from the moment that
Service.startForeground()is called. The app is expected to callService.stopSelf()orService.stopForeground()before the timeout occurs. Otherwise, the newService.onTimeout()is called, giving apps a brief opportunity to callstopSelf()orstopForeground()to stop their service.A short time after
Service.onTimeout()is called, the app enters a cached state and is no longer considered to be in the foreground, unless the user is actively interacting with the app. A short time after the app is cached and the service has not stopped, the app receives an ANR. The ANR message mentionsFOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE. For these reasons, it's considered best practice to implement theService.onTimeout()callback.The
Service.onTimeout()callback doesn't exist on Android 13 and lower. If the same service runs on such devices, it doesn't receive a timeout, nor does it ANR. Make sure that your service stops as soon as it finishes the processing task, even if it hasn't received theService.onTimeout()callback yet.It's important to note that if the timeout of the
shortServiceis not respected, the app will ANR even if it has other valid foreground services or other app lifecycle processes running.If an app is visible to the user or satisfies one of the exemptions that allow foreground services to be started from the background, calling
Service.StartForeground()again with theFOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICEparameter extends the timeout by another 3 minutes. If the app isn't visible to the user and doesn't satisfy one of the exemptions, any attempt to start another foreground service, regardless of type, causes aForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.If a user disables battery optimization for your app, it's still affected by the timeout of shortService FGS.
If you start a foreground service that includes the
shortServicetype and another foreground service type, the system ignores theshortServicetype declaration. However, the service must still adhere to the prerequisites of the other declared types. For more information, see the Foreground services documentation.
Uso especial
- 要在清单中声明的前台服务类型
android:foregroundServiceTypespecialUse- 在清单中声明的权限
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE- 要传递给
startForeground()的常量 FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE- 运行时前提条件
- 无
- 说明
涵盖其他前台服务类型未涵盖的所有有效前台服务用例。
除了声明
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE前台服务类型之外,开发者还应在清单中声明用例。为此,他们会在<service>元素内指定<property>元素。这些值和相应的应用场景 。用途 您提供的案例均为自由形式,因此,您应确保提供足够的 相关信息,让审核人员了解您为何需要使用specialUse类型。<service android:name="fooService" android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse"> <property android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE" android:value="explanation_for_special_use"/> </service>
Sistema exento
- Tipo de servicio en primer plano que se declarará en el manifiesto
android:foregroundServiceTypesystemExempted- Permiso para declarar en tu manifiesto
FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED- Constante para pasar a
startForeground() FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED- Requisitos previos del entorno de ejecución
- Ninguno
- Descripción
Reservado para aplicaciones del sistema, además de integraciones de sistemas específicos, para seguir usando los servicios en primer plano.
Para usar este tipo, una app debe cumplir con mínimo uno de los siguientes criterios:
- El dispositivo debe estar en modo de demostración
- La app debe ser del propietario del dispositivo
- La app debe ser del propietario del generador de perfiles.
- Apps de seguridad que tienen la función
ROLE_EMERGENCY - Apps de administración del dispositivo
- Apps que tienen el permiso
SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARMoUSE_EXACT_ALARM Apps de VPN (configuradas mediante Configuración > Internet y redes > VPN)
De lo contrario, declarar este tipo causa que el sistema arroje una
ForegroundServiceTypeNotAllowedException.
Aplicación forzosa de las políticas de Google Play para usar tipos de servicios en primer plano
Si tu app se segmenta para Android 14 o versiones posteriores, deberás declarar los tipos de servicios en primer plano de la app en la página Contenido de la app de Play Console (Política > Contenido de la app). Para obtener más información sobre cómo declarar los tipos de servicios en primer plano en Play Console, consulta Información sobre los requisitos de los intents de pantalla completa y los servicios en primer plano.