与大多数 Android 界面测试不同,Macrobenchmark 测试在独立于应用本身的进程中运行。必须这样做才能实现停止应用进程和从 DEX 字节码编译到机器码等目的。
您可以使用 UIAutomator 库或其他可以在测试进程中控制目标应用的机制来驱动应用的状态。您不能将 Espresso 或 ActivityScenario
用于 Macrobenchmark,因为它们需要在与应用共享的进程中运行。
以下示例会使用资源 ID 查找 RecyclerView
,然后向下滚动几次:
@Test
fun scrollList() {
benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(
// ...
setupBlock = {
// Before starting to measure, navigate to the UI to be measured
val intent = Intent("$packageName.RECYCLER_VIEW_ACTIVITY")
startActivityAndWait(intent)
}
) {
val recycler = device.findObject(By.res(packageName, "recycler"))
// Set gesture margin to avoid triggering gesture navigation
// with input events from automation.
recycler.setGestureMargin(device.displayWidth / 5)
// Scroll down several times
repeat(3) { recycler.fling(Direction.DOWN) }
}
}
@Test
public void scrollList() {
benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(
// ...
/* setupBlock */ scope -> {
// Before measuring, navigate to the UI to be measured.
val intent = Intent("$packageName.RECYCLER_VIEW_ACTIVITY")
scope.startActivityAndWait();
return Unit.INSTANCE;
},
/* measureBlock */ scope -> {
UiDevice device = scope.getDevice();
UiObject2 recycler = device.findObject(By.res(scope.getPackageName(), "recycler"));
// Set gesture margin to avoid triggering gesture navigation
// with input events from automation.
recycler.setGestureMargin(device.getDisplayWidth() / 5);
// Fling the recycler several times.
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
recycler.fling(Direction.DOWN);
}
return Unit.INSTANCE;
}
);
}
基准测试并不一定要滚动界面。不过,举例来说,它可以运行动画。此外,它也不需要特地使用 UI Automator。只要帧是由视图系统生成的(其中包括 Jetpack Compose 生成的帧),基准测试就会收集性能指标。
进入应用的内部板块
有时,您需要对应用中无法直接从外部访问的板块进行基准测试。例如,您可能需要访问内部 activity(标有 exported=false
)、进入 Fragment
,或者滑开界面的某个部分。基准测试需要像用户一样手动进入应用的这些板块。
如需手动进入相应板块,请更改 setupBlock{}
内的代码以包含所需的效果,例如按钮点按或滑动。您的 measureBlock{}
仅包含您要实际进行基准测试的界面操作:
@Test
fun nonExportedActivityScrollList() {
benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(
// ...
setupBlock = setupBenchmark()
) {
// ...
}
}
private fun setupBenchmark(): MacrobenchmarkScope.() -> Unit = {
// Before starting to measure, navigate to the UI to be measured
startActivityAndWait()
// click a button to launch the target activity.
// While we use button text here to find the button, you could also use
// accessibility info or resourceId.
val selector = By.text("RecyclerView")
if (!device.wait(Until.hasObject(selector), 5_500)) {
fail("Could not find resource in time")
}
val launchRecyclerActivity = device.findObject(selector)
launchRecyclerActivity.click()
// wait until the activity is shown
device.wait(
Until.hasObject(By.clazz("$packageName.NonExportedRecyclerActivity")),
TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(10)
)
}
@Test
public void scrollList() {
benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(
// ...
/* setupBlock */ scope -> {
// Before measuring, navigate to the default activity.
scope.startActivityAndWait();
// Click a button to launch the target activity.
// While you use resourceId here to find the button, you can also
// use accessibility info or button text content.
UiObject2 launchRecyclerActivity = scope.getDevice().findObject(
By.res(packageName, "launchRecyclerActivity")
)
launchRecyclerActivity.click();
// Wait until activity is shown.
scope.getDevice().wait(
Until.hasObject(By.clazz("$packageName.NonExportedRecyclerActivity")),
10000L
)
return Unit.INSTANCE;
},
/* measureBlock */ scope -> {
// ...
}
);
}
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