Google 会使用 AI 技术将内容翻译成您偏好的语言。AI 翻译可能包含错误。

功能和 API 概览

Android 15 面向开发者引入了一些出色的功能和 API。以下部分总结了这些功能，可帮助您开始使用相关 API。

有关新增、修改和移除的 API 的详细列表，请参阅 API 差异报告。如需详细了解新增的 API，请访问 Android API 参考文档 - 对于 Android 15，请查找在 API 级别 35 中添加的 API。如需了解平台变更可能会在哪些方面影响您的应用，请务必查看会影响以 Android 15 为目标平台的应用和所有应用的 Android 15 行为变更。

摄像头和媒体

Android 15 包含各种功能，可提升相机和媒体体验，并让您能够使用各种工具和硬件，从而支持创作者在 Android 上实现其愿景。

如需详细了解 Android 媒体和相机的最新功能和开发者解决方案，请观看 Google I/O 大会上的打造现代 Android 媒体和相机体验演讲。

弱光增强

Android 15 引入了弱光增强功能，这是一种自动曝光模式，适用于 Camera 2 和夜间模式相机扩展。“弱光增强”功能可在光线昏暗的环境下调整预览画面的曝光度。这与夜间模式相机扩展程序创建静态图片的方式不同，因为夜间模式会将一系列照片组合起来，以创建一张经过增强的单张图片。虽然夜间模式非常适合拍摄静态图片，但无法创建连续的帧流，而“低光增强”功能可以。因此，弱光增强功能可启用相机功能，例如：

提供增强型图片预览，以便用户更好地取景拍摄低光照片
在光线不足的情况下扫描二维码

如果您启用“弱光增强”功能，该功能会在光线较弱时自动开启，在光线较强时关闭。

应用可以在光线昏暗的环境下录制预览画面，以保存经过亮度提升的视频。

如需了解详情，请参阅弱光增强。

应用内相机控件

Android 15 adds an extension for more control over the camera hardware and its algorithms on supported devices:

Advanced flash strength adjustments enabling precise control of flash intensity in both SINGLE and TORCH modes while capturing images.

HDR 余量控制

Android 15 chooses HDR headroom that is appropriate for the underlying device capabilities and bit-depth of the panel. For pages that have lots of SDR content, such as a messaging app displaying a single HDR thumbnail, this behavior can end up adversely influencing the perceived brightness of the SDR content. Android 15 lets you control the HDR headroom with setDesiredHdrHeadroom to strike a balance between SDR and HDR content.

The brightness of SDR UI elements on the left screen appears to be more uniform than the brightness on the right screen, which simulates possible headroom issues when HDR and SDR content are mixed. By adjusting the HDR headroom, you can achieve a better balance between the SDR and HDR content.

响度控制

Android 15 introduces support for the CTA-2075 loudness standard to help you avoid audio loudness inconsistencies and ensure users don't have to constantly adjust volume when switching between content. The system leverages known characteristics of the output devices (headphones and speaker) along with loudness metadata available in AAC audio content to intelligently adjust the audio loudness and dynamic range compression levels.

To enable this feature, you need to ensure loudness metadata is available in your AAC content and enable the platform feature in your app. For this, you instantiate a LoudnessCodecController object by calling its create factory method with the audio session ID from the associated AudioTrack; this automatically starts applying audio updates. You can pass an OnLoudnessCodecUpdateListener to modify or filter loudness parameters before they are applied on the MediaCodec.

// Media contains metadata of type MPEG_4 OR MPEG_D
val mediaCodec = …
val audioTrack = AudioTrack.Builder()
                                .setSessionId(sessionId)
                                .build()
...
// Create new loudness controller that applies the parameters to the MediaCodec
try {
   val lcController = LoudnessCodecController.create(mSessionId)
   // Starts applying audio updates for each added MediaCodec
}

AndroidX media3 ExoPlayer will also be updated to use the LoudnessCodecController APIs for a seamless app integration.

虚拟 MIDI 2.0 设备

Android 13 added support for connecting to MIDI 2.0 devices using USB, which communicate using Universal MIDI Packets (UMP). Android 15 extends UMP support to virtual MIDI apps, enabling composition apps to control synthesizer apps as a virtual MIDI 2.0 device just like they would with an USB MIDI 2.0 device.

更高效的 AV1 软件解码

dav1d 徽标

dav1d 是 VideoLAN 推出的热门 AV1 软件解码器，适用于不支持硬件 AV1 解码的 Android 设备。与旧版 AV1 软件解码器相比，dav1d 的性能最高可提升 3 倍，让更多用户（包括一些低端和中端设备）能够播放高清 AV1 视频。

您的应用需要选择启用 dav1d，方法是通过名称 "c2.android.av1-dav1d.decoder" 调用它。在后续更新中，dav1d 将成为默认的 AV1 软件解码器。此支持已标准化，并向后移植到收到 Google Play 系统更新的 Android 11 设备。

开发者工作效率和工具

虽然我们为提高您的工作效率而开展的大部分工作都围绕 Android Studio、Jetpack Compose 和 Android Jetpack 库等工具展开，但我们一直在寻找各种方法，以便在平台中帮助您更轻松地实现愿景。

OpenJDK 17 更新

Android 15 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases.

The following key features and improvements are included:

Quality-of-life improvements around NIO buffers
Streams
Additional math and strictmath methods
util package updates including sequenced collection, map, and set
ByteBuffer support in Deflater
Security updates such as X500PrivateCredential and security key updates

These APIs are updated on over a billion devices running Android 12 (API level 31) and higher through Google Play System updates, so you can target the latest programming features.

PDF 改进

Android 15 对 PdfRenderer API 进行了重大改进。应用可以整合呈现等高级功能受密码保护的文件、注释、表单编辑、 searching，而 selection 则包含副本。支持线性化 PDF 优化，此功能可加快本地 PDF 查看速度并减少资源使用量。Jetpack PDF 库使用这些 API 来简化 PDF 的添加查看功能。

PdfRenderer 已移至一个可使用 Google Play 系统更新独立于平台版本，并且我们支持将这些变更还原到 Android 11（API 级别 30），方法是创建兼容的 Android 15 之前版本的 API Surface，称为 PdfRendererPreV。

自动语言切换优化

Android 14 在音频中添加了设备端多语言识别功能，并支持在语言之间自动切换，但这可能会导致丢失字词，尤其是当两次语音之间语言切换的间隔时间较短时。Android 15 添加了其他控件，以帮助应用根据其用例调整此切换。EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_INITIAL_ACTIVE_DURATION_TIME_MILLIS 会将自动切换限制在音频会话开始时，而 EXTRA_LANGUAGE_SWITCH_MATCH_SWITCHES 会在发生指定次数的切换后停用语言切换。如果您预计会话期间只会使用一种语言，并且该语言应被自动检测到，这些选项会特别有用。

改进的 OpenType Variable Font API

Android 15 improves the usability of the OpenType variable font. You can create a FontFamily instance from a variable font without specifying weight axes with the buildVariableFamily API. The text renderer overrides the value of wght axis to match the displaying text.

Using the API simplifies the code for creating a Typeface considerably:

Kotlin

val newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build()

Java

Typeface newTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            new FontFamily.Builder(
                new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf").build())
                    .buildVariableFamily())
    .build();

Previously, to create the same Typeface, you would need much more code:

Kotlin

val oldTypeface = Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
            FontFamily.Builder(
                Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                    .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
                    .setWeight(400)
                    .build())
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
                        .setWeight(100)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
                        .setWeight(200)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
                        .setWeight(300)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
                        .setWeight(500)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
                        .setWeight(600)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
                        .setWeight(700)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
                        .setWeight(800)
                        .build()
                )
                .addFont(
                    Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
                        .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
                        .setWeight(900)
                        .build()
                ).build()
        ).build()

Java

Typeface oldTypeface = new Typeface.CustomFallbackBuilder(
    new FontFamily.Builder(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 400")
            .setWeight(400)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 100")
            .setWeight(100)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 200")
            .setWeight(200)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 300")
            .setWeight(300)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 500")
            .setWeight(500)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 600")
            .setWeight(600)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 700")
            .setWeight(700)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 800")
            .setWeight(800)
            .build()
    )
    .addFont(
        new Font.Builder(assets, "RobotoFlex.ttf")
            .setFontVariationSettings("'wght' 900")
            .setWeight(900)
            .build()
    )
    .build()
).build();

Here's an example of how a Typeface created with both the old and new APIs renders:

An example of how Typeface rendering differs using new and old
APIs

In this example, the Typeface created with the old API doesn't have the capability to create accurate font weights for the 350, 450, 550 and 650 Font instances, so the renderer falls back to the closest weight. So in this case, 300 is rendered instead of 350, 400 is rendered instead of 450, and so on. By contrast, the Typeface created with the new APIs dynamically creates a Font instance for a given weight, so accurate weights are rendered for 350, 450, 550, and 650 as well.

精细的换行控制

从 Android 15 开始，TextView 和底层行断开符可以将给定部分文本保留在同一行中，以提高可读性。您可以通过在字符串资源或 createNoBreakSpan 中使用 <nobreak> 标记来充分利用此换行符自定义功能。同样，您可以使用 <nohyphen> 标记或 createNoHyphenationSpan 来防止对字词进行分词。

例如，以下字符串资源不包含换行符，在呈现时，文本“Pixel 8 Pro”会在不合适的位置换行：

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind Pixel 8 Pro.</string>
</resources>

相比之下，此字符串资源包含 <nobreak> 标记，该标记会将字词“Pixel 8 Pro”换行，并防止换行：

<resources>
    <string name="pixel8pro">The power and brains behind <nobreak>Pixel 8 Pro.</nobreak></string>
</resources>

以下图片展示了这些字符串呈现方式的差异：

一行文本的布局，其中显示短语“Pixel 8 Pro.”未使用 <nobreak> 标记换行。

使用 <nobreak> 标记封装“Pixel 8 Pro.”短语的同一行文本的布局。

应用归档

Android and Google Play announced support for app archiving last year, allowing users to free up space by partially removing infrequently used apps from the device that were published using Android App Bundle on Google Play. Android 15 includes OS level support for app archiving and unarchiving, making it easier for all app stores to implement it.

Apps with the REQUEST_DELETE_PACKAGES permission can call the PackageInstaller requestArchive method to request archiving an installed app package, which removes the APK and any cached files, but persists user data. Archived apps are returned as displayable apps through the LauncherApps APIs; users will see a UI treatment to highlight that those apps are archived. If a user taps on an archived app, the responsible installer will get a request to unarchive it, and the restoration process can be monitored by the ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED broadcast.

使用开发者选项在设备上启用 16 KB 模式

切换以 16KB 页面大小启动设备开发者选项，以在 16 KB 模式下启动设备。

在 Android 15 的 QPR 版本中，您可以使用某些设备上提供的开发者选项，以 16 KB 模式启动设备并执行设备端测试。在使用开发者选项之前，请依次前往设置 > 系统 > 软件更新，并应用所有可用的更新。

此开发者选项适用于以下设备：

Pixel 8 和 Pixel 8 Pro（搭载 Android 15 QPR1 或更高版本）
Pixel 8a（搭载 Android 15 QPR1 或更高版本）
Pixel 9、9 Pro 和 9 Pro XL（搭载 Android 15 QPR2 或更高版本）
Pixel 9a（搭载 Android 16 或更高版本）

图形

Android 15 带来了最新的图形改进，包括 ANGLE 和 Canvas 图形系统的增强功能。

现代化 Android 的 GPU 访问

Vulkan logo

Android hardware has evolved quite a bit from the early days where the core OS would run on a single CPU and GPUs were accessed using APIs based on fixed-function pipelines. The Vulkan® graphics API has been available in the NDK since Android 7.0 (API level 24) with a lower-level abstraction that better reflects modern GPU hardware, scales better to support multiple CPU cores, and offers reduced CPU driver overhead — leading to improved app performance. Vulkan is supported by all modern game engines.

Vulkan is Android's preferred interface to the GPU. Therefore, Android 15 includes ANGLE as an optional layer for running OpenGL® ES on top of Vulkan. Moving to ANGLE will standardize the Android OpenGL implementation for improved compatibility, and, in some cases, improved performance. You can test out your OpenGL ES app stability and performance with ANGLE by enabling the developer option in Settings -> System -> Developer Options -> Experimental: Enable ANGLE on Android 15.

The Android ANGLE on Vulkan roadmap

Roadmap of upcoming changes to the Android GPU APIs.

As part of streamlining our GPU stack, going forward we will be shipping ANGLE as the GL system driver on more new devices, with the future expectation that OpenGL/ES will be only available through ANGLE. That being said, we plan to continue support for OpenGL ES on all devices.

Recommended next steps

Use the developer options to select the ANGLE driver for OpenGL ES and test your app. For new projects, we strongly encourage using Vulkan for C/C++.

Canvas 方面的改进

Android 15 continues our modernization of Android's Canvas graphics system with additional capabilities:

Matrix44 provides a 4x4 matrix for transforming coordinates that should be used when you want to manipulate the canvas in 3D.
clipShader intersects the current clip with the specified shader, while clipOutShader sets the clip to the difference of the current clip and the shader, each treating the shader as an alpha mask. This supports the drawing of complex shapes efficiently.

性能和电池

Android 持续专注于帮助您提升应用的性能和质量。Android 15 引入了一些 API，可帮助您更高效地执行应用中的任务、优化应用性能，以及收集有关应用的分析数据。

如需了解电池高效最佳实践、调试网络和耗电量，以及详细了解我们如何在 Android 15 和近期 Android 版本中提高后台工作的电池效率，请观看 Google I/O 大会上的提高 Android 后台工作的电池效率演讲。

ApplicationStartInfo API

在以前的 Android 版本中，应用启动一直是个谜。在应用中确定应用是从冷启动、温启动还是热启动状态启动很困难。您还很难了解应用在各种启动阶段（分叉进程、调用 onCreate、绘制第一个帧等）所花的时间。在 Application 类被实例化时，您无法知道应用是通过广播、content provider、作业、备份、启动完成、闹钟还是 Activity 启动的。

Android 15 上的 ApplicationStartInfo API 提供了所有这些功能，以及更多功能。您甚至可以选择在流程中添加自己的时间戳，以便在一个位置收集时间数据。除了收集指标之外，您还可以使用 ApplicationStartInfo 直接优化应用启动；例如，您可以消除在应用因广播而启动时在 Application 类中实例化与界面相关的库所带来的高昂开销。

详细的应用大小信息

Since Android 8.0 (API level 26), Android has included the StorageStats.getAppBytes API that summarizes the installed size of an app as a single number of bytes, which is a sum of the APK size, the size of files extracted from the APK, and files that were generated on the device such as ahead-of-time (AOT) compiled code. This number is not very insightful in terms of how your app is using storage.

Android 15 adds the StorageStats.getAppBytesByDataType([type]) API, which lets you get insight into how your app is using up all that space, including APK file splits, AOT and speedup related code, dex metadata, libraries, and guided profiles.

由应用管理的性能分析

Android 15 包含 ProfilingManager 类，可让您从应用内部收集性能分析信息，例如堆转储、堆分析报告、堆栈采样等。它使用提供的标记为您的应用提供回调，以标识输出文件，该文件将传递给应用的文件目录。该 API 会进行速率限制，以尽可能降低对性能的影响。

为了简化在应用中构建性能分析请求的过程，我们建议您使用 Core 1.15.0-rc01 或更高版本中的相应 Profiling AndroidX API。

SQLite 数据库方面的改进

Android 15 introduces SQLite APIs that expose advanced features from the underlying SQLite engine that target specific performance issues that can manifest in apps. These APIs are included with the update of SQLite to version 3.44.3.

Developers should consult best practices for SQLite performance to get the most out of their SQLite database, especially when working with large databases or when running latency-sensitive queries.

Read-only deferred transactions: when issuing transactions that are read-only (don't include write statements), use beginTransactionReadOnly() and beginTransactionWithListenerReadOnly(SQLiteTransactionListener) to issue read-only DEFERRED transactions. Such transactions can run concurrently with each other, and if the database is in WAL mode, they can run concurrently with IMMEDIATE or EXCLUSIVE transactions.
Row counts and IDs: APIs were added to retrieve the count of changed rows or the last inserted row ID without issuing an additional query. getLastChangedRowCount() returns the number of rows that were inserted, updated, or deleted by the most recent SQL statement within the current transaction, while getTotalChangedRowCount() returns the count on the current connection. getLastInsertRowId() returns the rowid of the last row to be inserted on the current connection.
Raw statements: issue a raw SQlite statement, bypassing convenience wrappers and any additional processing overhead that they may incur.

Android 动态性能框架更新

Android 15 continues our investment in the Android Dynamic Performance Framework (ADPF), a set of APIs that allow games and performance intensive apps to interact more directly with power and thermal systems of Android devices. On supported devices, Android 15 adds ADPF capabilities:

A power-efficiency mode for hint sessions to indicate that their associated threads should prefer power saving over performance, great for long-running background workloads.
GPU and CPU work durations can both be reported in hint sessions, allowing the system to adjust CPU and GPU frequencies together to best meet workload demands.
Thermal headroom thresholds to interpret possible thermal throttling status based on headroom prediction.

To learn more about how to use ADPF in your apps and games, head over to the documentation.

隐私权

Android 15 包含各种可帮助应用开发者保护用户隐私的功能。

屏幕录制检测

Android 15 增加了对应用的支持，以检测正在录制。每当应用转换时，系统都会调用回调在屏幕录制内容中处于可见与隐藏状态之间。如果正在记录注册进程的 UID 拥有的 activity，则系统会将应用视为可见。这样一来，如果您的应用执行敏感操作，您就可以告知用户正在录制他们的操作。

val mCallback = Consumer<Int> { state ->
  if (state == SCREEN_RECORDING_STATE_VISIBLE) {
    // We're being recorded
  } else {
    // We're not being recorded
  }
}

override fun onStart() {
   super.onStart()
   val initialState =
      windowManager.addScreenRecordingCallback(mainExecutor, mCallback)
   mCallback.accept(initialState)
}

override fun onStop() {
    super.onStop()
    windowManager.removeScreenRecordingCallback(mCallback)
}

扩展的 IntentFilter 功能

Android 15 builds in support for more precise Intent resolution through UriRelativeFilterGroup, which contains a set of UriRelativeFilter objects that form a set of Intent matching rules that must each be satisfied, including URL query parameters, URL fragments, and blocking or exclusion rules.

These rules can be defined in the AndroidManifest XML file with the <uri-relative-filter-group> tag, which can optionally include an android:allow tag. These tags can contain <data> tags that use existing data tag attributes as well as the android:query and android:fragment attributes.

Here's an example of the AndroidManifest syntax:

<intent-filter android:autoVerify="true">
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
  <data android:scheme="http" />
  <data android:scheme="https" />
  <data android:host="astore.com" />
  <uri-relative-filter-group>
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="region=na" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:query="mobileoptout=true" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
  <uri-relative-filter-group android:allow="false">
    <data android:pathPrefix="/auth" />
    <data android:fragmentPrefix="faq" />
  </uri-relative-filter-group>
</intent-filter>

私密空间

The private space can be unlocked and locked to show or hide sensitive apps on a device.

Private space lets users create a separate space on their device where they can keep sensitive apps away from prying eyes, under an additional layer of authentication. The private space uses a separate user profile. The user can choose to use the device lock or a separate lock factor for the private space.

Apps in the private space show up in a separate container in the launcher, and are hidden from the recents view, notifications, settings, and from other apps when the private space is locked. User-generated and downloaded content (such as media or files) and accounts are separated between the private space and the main space. The system sharesheet and the photo picker can be used to give apps access to content across spaces when the private space is unlocked.

Users can't move existing apps and their data into the private space. Instead, users select an install option in the private space to install an app using whichever app store they prefer. Apps in the private space are installed as separate copies from any apps in the main space (new copies of the same app).

When a user locks the private space, the profile is stopped. While the profile is stopped, apps in the private space are no longer active and can't perform foreground or background activities, including showing notifications.

We recommend that you test your app with private space to make sure your app works as expected, especially if your app falls into one of the following categories:

Apps with logic for work profiles that assumes that any installed copies of their app that aren't in the main profile are in the work profile.
Medical apps
Launcher apps
App store apps

查询用户最近一次选择的“所选照片访问权限”

现在，如果应用获得了部分访问权限，则只能突出显示最近选择的照片和视频。此功能可以改善频繁请求访问照片和视频的应用的用户体验。如需在应用中使用此功能，请在通过 ContentResolver 查询 MediaStore 时启用 QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY 参数。

Kotlin

val externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external")

val mediaColumns = arrayOf(
   FileColumns._ID,
   FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
   FileColumns.MIME_TYPE,
)

val queryArgs = bundleOf(
   // Return only items from the last selection (selected photos access)
   QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY to true,
   // Sort returned items chronologically based on when they were added to the device's storage
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER to "${FileColumns.DATE_ADDED} DESC",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION to "${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ? OR ${FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE} = ?",
   QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS to arrayOf(
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE.toString(),
       FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO.toString()
   )
)

Java

Uri externalContentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");

String[] mediaColumns = {
    FileColumns._ID,
    FileColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
    FileColumns.MIME_TYPE
};

Bundle queryArgs = new Bundle();
queryArgs.putBoolean(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_LATEST_SELECTION_ONLY, true);
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SORT_ORDER, FileColumns.DATE_ADDED + " DESC");
queryArgs.putString(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION, FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ? OR " + FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE + " = ?");
queryArgs.putStringArray(MediaStore.QUERY_ARG_SQL_SELECTION_ARGS, new String[] {
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE),
    String.valueOf(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
});

Privacy Sandbox on Android

Android 15 includes the latest Android Ad Services extensions, incorporating the latest version of the Privacy Sandbox on Android. This addition is part of our work to develop technologies that improve user privacy and enable effective, personalized advertising experiences for mobile apps. Our privacy sandbox page has more information about the Privacy Sandbox on Android developer preview and beta programs to help you get started.

健康数据共享

Android 15 integrates the latest extensions around Health Connect by Android, a secure and centralized platform to manage and share app-collected health and fitness data. This update adds support for additional data types across fitness, nutrition, skin temperature, training plans, and more.

Skin temperature tracking allows users to store and share more accurate temperature data from a wearable or other tracking device.

Training plans are structured workout plans to help a user achieve their fitness goals. Training plans support includes a variety of completion and performance goals:

Completion goals around calories burned, distance, duration, repetition, and steps.
Performance goals around as many repetitions as possible (AMRAP), cadence, heart rate, power, perceived rate of exertion, and speed.

Learn more about the latest updates to Health Connect in Android in the Building adaptable experiences with Android Health talk from Google I/O.

Android 15 supports app screen sharing so users can share or record just an app window rather than the entire device screen. This feature, first enabled in Android 14 QPR2, includes MediaProjection callbacks that allow your app to customize the app screen sharing experience. Note that for apps targeting Android 14 (API level 34) or higher, user consent is required for each MediaProjection capture session.

用户体验和系统界面

Android 15 为应用开发者和用户提供了更多控制权和灵活性，以便他们根据自己的需求配置设备。

如需详细了解如何利用 Android 15 中的最新改进来提升应用的用户体验，请观看 Google I/O 大会上的提升 Android 应用的用户体验演讲。

借助 Generated Previews API 提供更丰富的小组件预览

Before Android 15, the only way to provide widget picker previews was to specify a static image or layout resource. These previews often differ significantly from the look of the actual widget when it is placed on the home screen. Also, static resources can't be created with Jetpack Glance, so a Glance developer had to screenshot their widget or create an XML layout to have a widget preview.

Android 15 adds support for generated previews. This means that app widget providers can generate RemoteViews to use as the picker preview, instead of a static resource.

Apps can provide Remote Views to the Widget Picker, so they can update the content in the picker to be more representative of what the user will see.

Push API

Apps can provide generated previews through a push API. Apps can provide previews at any point in their lifecycle, and don't receive an explicit request from the host to provide previews. Previews are persisted in AppWidgetService, and hosts can request them on-demand. The following example loads an XML widget layout resource and sets it as the preview:

AppWidgetManager.getInstance(appContext).setWidgetPreview(
   ComponentName(
       appContext,
       SociaLiteAppWidgetReceiver::class.java
   ),
   AppWidgetProviderInfo.WIDGET_CATEGORY_HOME_SCREEN,
   RemoteViews("com.example", R.layout.widget_preview)
)

The expected flow is:

At any time, the widget provider calls setWidgetPreview. The provided previews are persisted in AppWidgetService with other provider info.
setWidgetPreview notifies hosts of an updated preview through the AppWidgetHost.onProvidersChanged callback. In response, the widget host reloads all of its provider information.
When displaying a widget preview, the host checks AppWidgetProviderInfo.generatedPreviewCategories, and if the chosen category is available, calls AppWidgetManager.getWidgetPreview to return the saved preview for this provider.

When to call `setWidgetPreview`

Because there is no callback to provide previews, apps can choose to send previews at any point when they are running. How often to update the preview depends on the widget's use case.

The following list describes the two main categories of preview use cases:

Providers that show real data in their widget previews, such as personalized or recent information. These providers can set the preview once the user has signed in or has done initial configuration in their app. After this, they can set up a periodic task to update the previews at their chosen cadence. Examples of this type of widget could be a photo, calendar, weather or news widget.
Providers that show static information in previews or quick-action widgets that don't display any data. These providers can set previews once, when the app first launches. Examples of this type of widget include a drive quick actions widget or chrome shortcuts widget.

Some providers might show static previews on the hub mode picker, but real information on the homescreen picker. These providers should follow the guidance for both of these use cases to set previews.

画中画

Android 15 引入了画中画 (PiP) 方面的变更，确保实现更流畅的过渡效果。对于在主界面上叠加界面元素的应用，这将非常有用，因为这些界面元素会进入 PiP。

开发者使用 onPictureInPictureModeChanged 回调来定义逻辑用于切换叠加界面元素的可见性。此回调是在画中画进入或退出动画播放完毕时触发。距离开始还有 Android 15 中，PictureInPictureUiState 类包含另一种状态。

在此界面状态下，以 Android 15（API 级别 35）为目标平台的应用将遵守使用以下参数调用 Activity#onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged 回调： isTransitioningToPip()。还有在画中画模式下，有很多与应用无关的界面元素，包含建议、评分和标题当应用进入画中画模式时，请使用 onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged 回调以隐藏这些界面元素。当应用从画中画窗口进入全屏模式，使用 onPictureInPictureModeChanged 回调以取消隐藏这些元素，如请参阅以下示例：

override fun onPictureInPictureUiStateChanged(pipState: PictureInPictureUiState) {
        if (pipState.isTransitioningToPip()) {
          // Hide UI elements
        }
    }

override fun onPictureInPictureModeChanged(isInPictureInPictureMode: Boolean) {
        if (isInPictureInPictureMode) {
          // Unhide UI elements
        }
    }

不相关界面元素的快速可见性切换（适用于画中画窗口）有助于确保画中画播放动画更流畅、无闪烁。

改进了“勿扰”规则

AutomaticZenRule 允许应用自定义注意力机制管理（勿扰）规则，并确定何时启用或停用。Android 15 极大地增强了这些规则，旨在提高用户体验。其中包含以下增强功能：

向 AutomaticZenRule 添加类型，让系统能够应用特殊类型对某些规则的处理
向 AutomaticZenRule 添加图标，使模式更加丰富易于识别。
将 triggerDescription 字符串添加到 AutomaticZenRule，用于描述规则应当对用户生效的条件。
已添加 ZenDeviceEffects 更改为AutomaticZenRule，从而允许规则触发灰度等操作显示、夜间模式或调暗壁纸。

为通知渠道设置 VibrationEffect

Android 15 支持为传入的通知设置丰富的振动，方法是频道使用的是NotificationChannel.setVibrationEffect，因此您的用户可以区分不同类型的通知不需要看他们的设备

媒体投屏状态栏条状标签和自动停止

媒体投放可能会泄露用户的私密信息。一个醒目的新状态栏条状标签可让用户了解任何正在进行的屏幕投影。用户可以点按该条状标签停止投屏、共享或录制屏幕。此外，为了提供更直观的用户体验，当设备屏幕锁定后，所有正在进行的屏幕投影都会自动停止。

大屏设备和设备规格

Android 15 为您的应用提供支持，使其能够充分利用 Android 的各种外形规格，包括大屏设备、翻盖式设备和可折叠设备。

改进了大屏设备上的多任务处理

Users can save their favorite split-screen app combinations for
quick access

Android 15 gives users better ways to multitask on large screen devices. For example, users can save their favorite split-screen app combinations for quick access and pin the taskbar on screen to quickly switch between apps. This means that making sure your app is adaptive is more important than ever.

Google I/O has sessions on Building adaptive Android apps and Building UI with the Material 3 adaptive library that can help, and our documentation has more to help you Design for large screens.

外屏支持

您的应用可以声明一个属性，Android 15 会使用该属性来允许您的 Application 或 Activity 显示在受支持的可翻转设备的小封面屏幕上。这些屏幕太小，无法被视为适合运行 Android 应用的兼容目标平台，但您的应用可以选择支持它们，从而让您的应用在更多平台上可用。

连接

Android 15 更新了平台，让您的应用能够利用通信和无线技术方面的最新进展。

卫星支持

Android 15 继续扩大对卫星连接的平台支持，并包含一些界面元素，以确保在整个卫星连接环境中提供一致的用户体验。

应用可以使用 ServiceState.isUsingNonTerrestrialNetwork() 执行以下操作：检测设备是否连接到卫星，让他们更清楚地了解可能会导致完全网络服务不可用的原因此外，Android 15 支持短信和彩信应用以及预加载的 RCS 应用，以便使用卫星连接发送和接收消息。

更顺畅的 NFC 体验

Android 15 is working to make the tap to pay experience more seamless and reliable while continuing to support Android's robust NFC app ecosystem. On supported devices, apps can request the NfcAdapter to enter observe mode, where the device listens but doesn't respond to NFC readers, sending the app's NFC service PollingFrame objects to process. The PollingFrame objects can be used to auth ahead of the first communication to the NFC reader, allowing for a one tap transaction in many cases.

In addition, apps can register a filter on supported devices so they can be notified of polling loop activity, which allows for smooth operation with multiple NFC-aware applications.

钱包角色

Android 15 introduces a Wallet role that allows tighter integration with the user's preferred wallet app. This role replaces the NFC default contactless payment setting. Users can manage the Wallet role holder by navigating to Settings > Apps > Default Apps.

The Wallet role is used when routing NFC taps for AIDs registered in the payment category. Taps always go to the Wallet role holder unless another app that is registered for the same AID is running in the foreground.

This role is also used to determine where the Wallet Quick Access tile should go when activated. When the role is set to "None", the Quick Access tile isn't available and payment category NFC taps are only delivered to the foreground app.

安全

Android 15 可帮助您增强应用的安全性、保护应用的数据，并让用户能够更清楚地了解和控制自己的数据。请观看 Google I/O 大会上的在 Android 上保障用户安全演讲，详细了解我们为改进用户安全保障和保护您的应用免受新威胁而采取的措施。

将 Credential Manager 与自动填充功能集成

从 Android 15 开始，开发者可以将用户名或密码字段等特定视图与 Credential Manager 请求相关联，从而更轻松地在登录过程中提供量身定制的用户体验。当用户聚焦于其中一个视图时，系统会向 Credential Manager 发送相应请求。系统会汇总来自各个提供商的凭据，并在自动填充后备界面（例如内嵌建议或下拉菜单建议）中显示这些凭据。Jetpack androidx.credentials 库是开发者首选的端点，很快将在 Android 15 及更高版本中推出，以进一步增强此功能。

将一键注册和登录与生物识别提示集成

Credential Manager将生物识别提示集成到凭据创建过程中和登录流程，这样提供商就无需管理生物识别提示。因此，凭据提供程序只需专注于创建和获取流程的结果，并辅以生物识别流程结果。这一简化的流程创建了更高效、更精简的凭据创建和检索过程。

端到端加密的密钥管理

我们将在 Android 15 中引入 E2eeContactKeysManager，它通过提供用于存储加密公钥的操作系统级 API，有助于在 Android 应用中实现端到端加密 (E2EE)。

E2eeContactKeysManager 旨在与平台通讯录应用集成，以便用户集中管理和验证通讯录联系人的公钥。

对内容 URI 的权限检查

Android 15 引入了一组用于对内容 URI 执行权限检查的 API：

Context.checkContentUriPermissionFull：此选项会对内容 URI 执行完整权限检查。
Activity 清单属性 requireContentUriPermissionFromCaller：此属性会在 activity 启动时对提供的内容 URI 强制执行指定权限。
Activity 调用方的 ComponentCaller 类：此类表示启动 activity 的应用。

无障碍

Android 15 添加了可提升用户无障碍体验的功能。

更出色的盲文功能

在 Android 15 中，我们让 TalkBack 能够支持通过 USB 和安全蓝牙使用 HID 标准的盲文显示屏。

此标准与鼠标和键盘使用的标准非常相似，将有助于 Android 随着时间的推移支持更多类型的盲文显示屏。

国际化

Android 15 添加了一些功能，可在设备使用不同语言时提升用户体验。

CJK 可变字体

从 Android 15 开始，面向中文、日文和韩文 (CJK) 语言的字体文件 NotoSansCJK 现在是可变字体。可变字体为中日韩语言的创意排版提供了更多可能性。设计师可以探索更多样式的排版，并制作出以前难以实现或根本无法实现的视觉效果出色的布局。

字符间两端对齐

从 Android 15 开始，可以通过使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER。“字词间的理由”原为最初是在 Android 8.0（API 级别 26）中引入的， Justifications 功能为使用例如中文、日语等。

使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE 的日语文本布局。

使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_NONE 的英语文本布局。

使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD 的日语文本布局。

使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_WORD 的英语文本布局。

使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER 的日语文本布局。

使用 JUSTIFICATION_MODE_INTER_CHARACTER 的英语文本布局。

自动换行配置

Android started supporting phrase-based line breaks for Japanese and Korean in Android 13 (API level 33). However, while phrase-based line breaks improve the readability of short lines of text, they don't work well for long lines of text. In Android 15, apps can apply phrase-based line breaks only for short lines of text, using the LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO option. This option selects the best word style option for the text.

For short lines of text, phrase-based line breaks are used, functioning the same as LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE, as shown in the following image:

For short lines of text, `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO` applies phrase-based line breaks to improve the readability of the text. This is the same as applying `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_PHRASE`.

For longer lines of text, LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO uses a no line-break word style, functioning the same as LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE, as shown in the following image:

For long lines of text, `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_AUTO` applies no line-break word style to improve the readability of the text. This is the same as applying `LINE_BREAK_WORD_STYLE_NONE`.

其他日语变体假名字体

In Android 15, a font file for old Japanese Hiragana (known as Hentaigana) is bundled by default. The unique shapes of Hentaigana characters can add a distinctive flair to artwork or design while also helping to preserve accurate transmission and understanding of ancient Japanese documents.

Character and text style for the Japanese Hentaigana font.

Vulkan 和 Vulkan 徽标是 Khronos Group Inc.的注册商标。

OpenGL 是注册商标，OpenGL ES 徽标是 Hewlett Packard Enterprise 的商标，已获得 Khronos 的许可。

功能和 API 概览 使用集合让一切井井有条 根据您的偏好保存内容并对其进行分类。

摄像头和媒体

弱光增强

应用内相机控件

HDR 余量控制

响度控制

虚拟 MIDI 2.0 设备

更高效的 AV1 软件解码

开发者工作效率和工具

OpenJDK 17 更新

PDF 改进

自动语言切换优化

改进的 OpenType Variable Font API

Kotlin

Java

Kotlin

Java

精细的换行控制

应用归档

使用开发者选项在设备上启用 16 KB 模式

图形

现代化 Android 的 GPU 访问

The Android ANGLE on Vulkan roadmap

Recommended next steps

Canvas 方面的改进

性能和电池

ApplicationStartInfo API

详细的应用大小信息

由应用管理的性能分析

SQLite 数据库方面的改进

Android 动态性能框架更新

隐私权

屏幕录制检测

扩展的 IntentFilter 功能

私密空间

查询用户最近一次选择的“所选照片访问权限”

Kotlin

Java

Privacy Sandbox on Android

健康数据共享

应用屏幕共享

用户体验和系统界面

借助 Generated Previews API 提供更丰富的小组件预览

Push API

When to call setWidgetPreview

画中画

改进了“勿扰”规则

为通知渠道设置 VibrationEffect

媒体投屏状态栏条状标签和自动停止

大屏设备和设备规格

改进了大屏设备上的多任务处理

外屏支持

连接

卫星支持

更顺畅的 NFC 体验

钱包角色

安全

将 Credential Manager 与自动填充功能集成

将一键注册和登录与生物识别提示集成

端到端加密的密钥管理

对内容 URI 的权限检查

无障碍

更出色的盲文功能

国际化

CJK 可变字体

字符间两端对齐

自动换行配置

其他日语变体假名字体

功能和 API 概览

When to call `setWidgetPreview`