Behavior changes: all apps

The Android 14 platform includes behavior changes that might affect your app. The following behavior changes apply to all apps when they run on Android 14, regardless of targetSdkVersion. You should test your app and then modify it as needed to support these properly, where applicable.

Make sure to also review the list of behavior changes that only affect apps targeting Android 14.

Core functionality

Schedule exact alarms are denied by default

Exact alarms are meant for user-intentioned notifications, or for actions that need to happen at a precise time. Starting in Android 14, the SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM permission is no longer being pre-granted to most newly installed apps targeting Android 13 and higher—the permission is denied by default.

Learn more about the changes to the permission for scheduling exact alarms.

Context-registered broadcasts are queued while apps are cached

On Android 14, the system can place context-registered broadcasts in a queue while the app is in the cached state. This is similar to the queuing behavior that Android 12 (API level 31) introduced for async binder transactions. Manifest-declared broadcasts aren't queued, and apps are removed from the cached state for broadcast delivery.

When the app leaves the cached state, such as returning to the foreground, the system delivers any queued broadcasts. Multiple instances of certain broadcasts might be merged into one broadcast. Depending on other factors, such as system health, apps might be removed from the cached state, and any previously queued broadcasts are delivered.

Apps can kill only their own background processes

Starting in Android 14, when your app calls killBackgroundProcesses(), the API can kill only the background processes of your own app.

If you pass in the package name of another app, this method has no effect on that app's background processes, and the following message appears in Logcat:

Invalid packageName: com.example.anotherapp

Your app shouldn't use the killBackgroundProcesses() API or otherwise attempt to influence the process lifecycle of other apps, even on older OS versions. Android is designed to keep cached apps in the background and kill them automatically when the system needs memory. If your app kills other apps unnecessarily, it can reduce system performance and increase battery consumption by requiring full restarts of those apps later, which takes significantly more resources than resuming an existing cached app.

Note: It isn't possible for a 3rd-party application to improve the memory, power, or thermal behavior of an Android device. You should ensure that your app is compliant with Google Play's policy regarding misleading claims.

MTU is set to 517 for the first GATT client requesting an MTU

Starting from Android 14, the Android Bluetooth stack more strictly adheres to Version 5.2 of the Bluetooth Core Specification and requests the BLE ATT MTU to 517 bytes when the first GATT client requests an MTU using the BluetoothGatt#requestMtu(int) API, and disregards all subsequent MTU requests on that ACL connection.

Note: This change doesn't have an impact unless the peripheral device isn't handling the MTU negotiation properly and accepting any MTU size even if it doesn't support it. In such cases, it could cause issues when your app sends large amounts of data from Android 14 devices.

To address this change and make your app more robust, consider the following options:

• Your peripheral device should respond to the Android device's MTU request with a reasonable value that can be accommodated by the peripheral. The final negotiated value will be a minimum of the Android requested value and the remote provided value (for example, min(517, remoteMtu))
  • Implementing this fix could require a firmware update for peripheral
• Alternatively, limit your GATT characteristic writes based on the minimum between the known supported value of your peripheral and the received MTU change
  • A reminder that you should reduce 5 bytes from the supported size for the headers
  • For example: arrayMaxLength = min(SUPPORTED_MTU, GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN(517)) - 5

New reason an app can be placed in the restricted standby bucket

Android 14 introduces a new reason an app can be placed into the restricted standby bucket. The app's jobs trigger ANR errors multiple times due to onStartJob, onStopJob, or onBind method timeouts. (See JobScheduler reinforces callback and network behavior for changes to onStartJob and onStopJob.)

Note: See power management to see how the app is impacted if it is placed into the restricted bucket. The app is moved back to the active bucket when the user launches the app to the foreground, just as in previous Android versions.

To track whether or not the app has entered the restricted standby bucket, we recommend logging with the API UsageStatsManager.getAppStandbyBucket() on job execution or UsageStatsManager.queryEventsForSelf() on app startup.

mlock limited to 64 KB

In Android 14 (API level 34) and higher, the platform reduces the maximum memory that can be locked using mlock() to 64 KB per process. In previous versions, the limit was 64 MB per process. This restriction promotes better memory management across apps and the system. To provide more consistency across devices, Android 14 adds a new CTS test for the new mlock() limit on compatible devices.

System enforces cached-app resource usage

By design, an app's process is in a cached state when it's moved to the background and no other app process components are running. Such an app process is subject to being killed due to system memory pressure. Any work that Activity instances perform after the onStop() method has been called and returned, while in this state, is unreliable and strongly discouraged.

Android 14 introduces consistency and enforcement to this design. Shortly after an app process enters a cached state, background work is disallowed, until a process component re-enters an active state of the lifecycle.

Apps that use typical framework-supported lifecycle APIs – such as services, JobScheduler, and Jetpack WorkManager – shouldn't be impacted by these changes.

User experience

Changes to how users experience non-dismissible notifications

如果您的应用向用户显示不可关闭的前台通知，请注意：Android 14 已更改此行为，允许用户关闭此类通知。

这项变更适用于阻止用户关闭前台的应用 将 Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT 设置为 Notification.Builder#setOngoing(true) 或 NotificationCompat.Builder#setOngoing(true)。FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT 的行为已发生变化，使用户实际上能够关闭此类通知。

在以下情况下，此类通知仍不可关闭：

• 当手机处于锁定状态时
• 如果用户选择全部清除通知操作（有助于防止意外关闭）

此外，这一新行为不适用于以下用例中的通知：

• CallStyle 条通知
• 企业设备政策控制器 (DPC) 和支持软件包
• 媒体通知
• 默认的搜索选择器软件包

Data safety information is more visible

To enhance user privacy, Android 14 increases the number of places where the system shows the information you have declared in the Play Console form. Currently, users can view this information in the Data safety section on your app's listing in Google Play.

We encourage you to review your app's location data sharing policies and take a moment to make any applicable updates to your app's Google Play Data safety section.

Learn more in the guide about how data safety information is more visible on Android 14.

Accessibility

Non-linear font scaling to 200%

Starting in Android 14, the system supports font scaling up to 200%, providing users with additional accessibility options.

If you already use scaled pixels (sp) units to define text sizing, then this change probably won't have a high impact on your app. However, you should perform UI testing with the maximum font size enabled (200%) to ensure that your app can accommodate larger font sizes without impacting usability.

Security

Minimum installable target API level

从 Android 14 开始，targetSdkVersion 低于 23 的应用无法安装。要求应用满足这些最低目标 API 级别要求有助于提高用户的安全性和隐私性。

恶意软件通常会以较旧的 API 级别为目标平台，以绕过在较新版本 Android 中引入的安全和隐私保护机制。例如，有些恶意软件应用使用 targetSdkVersion 22，以避免受到 Android 6.0 Marshmallow（API 级别 23）在 2015 年引入的运行时权限模型的约束。这项 Android 14 变更使恶意软件更难以规避安全和隐私权方面的改进限制。尝试安装以较低 API 级别为目标平台的应用将导致安装失败，并且 Logcat 中会显示以下消息：

INSTALL_FAILED_DEPRECATED_SDK_VERSION: App package must target at least SDK version 23, but found 7

在升级到 Android 14 的设备上，targetSdkVersion 低于 23 的所有应用都将继续保持安装状态。

如果您需要测试以旧版 API 级别为目标平台的应用，请使用以下 ADB 命令：

adb install --bypass-low-target-sdk-block FILENAME.apk

Media owner package names might be redacted

The media store supports queries for the OWNER_PACKAGE_NAME column, which indicates the app that stored a particular media file. Starting in Android 14, this value is redacted unless at least one of the following conditions is true:

• The app that stored the media file has a package name that is always visible to other apps.

• The app that queries the media store requests the QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES permission.

  Caution: Use of the QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES permission is subject to Google Play Policy.

Learn more about how Android filters package visibility for privacy purposes.