透過 Macrobenchmark 控制應用程式

與大多數 Android UI 測試不同，Macrobenchmark 測試會在獨立的程序中執行 從應用程式本身直接擷取內容以便執行能夠停止 應用程式程序，並從 DEX 位元碼編譯至機器碼。

您可以使用 UIAutomator 程式庫或其他 可透過測試程序控制目標應用程式的機制。 Espresso 或 ActivityScenario 無法用於 Macrobenchmark，因為需搭配應用程式一起執行。

以下示範使用資源 ID 尋找 RecyclerView， 向下捲動

Kotlin

@Test
fun scrollList() {
    benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(
        // ...
        setupBlock = {
            // Before starting to measure, navigate to the UI to be measured
            val intent = Intent("$packageName.RECYCLER_VIEW_ACTIVITY")
            startActivityAndWait(intent)
        }
    ) {
        val recycler = device.findObject(By.res(packageName, "recycler"))
        // Set gesture margin to avoid triggering gesture navigation
        // with input events from automation.
        recycler.setGestureMargin(device.displayWidth / 5)

        // Scroll down several times
        repeat(3) { recycler.fling(Direction.DOWN) }
    }
}
FrameTimingBenchmark.kt

Java

@Test
public void scrollList() {
    benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(
        // ...
        /* setupBlock */ scope -> {
            // Before measuring, navigate to the UI to be measured.
            val intent = Intent("$packageName.RECYCLER_VIEW_ACTIVITY")
            scope.startActivityAndWait();
            return Unit.INSTANCE;
        },
        /* measureBlock */ scope -> {
            UiDevice device = scope.getDevice();
            UiObject2 recycler = device.findObject(By.res(scope.getPackageName(), "recycler"));

            // Set gesture margin to avoid triggering gesture navigation
            // with input events from automation.
            recycler.setGestureMargin(device.getDisplayWidth() / 5);

            // Fling the recycler several times.
            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
                recycler.fling(Direction.DOWN);
            }

            return Unit.INSTANCE;
        }
    );
}

效能評定不一定要捲動 UI。如要改為執行 動畫這也不需要使用 UI Automator 。只要影格處於建立狀態，系統就會收集成效指標 由 View 系統產生的，包括 Jetpack Compose 產生的畫面。

注意： 存取 UI 物件時，請指定 packageName，因為測試 並在獨立程序中執行。

前往應用程式的內部部分

有時候，您會希望能夠針對應用程式的某些部分進行基準測試 即可從外部存取這種情形可能包括存取內部活動 以 exported=false 標示、瀏覽至Fragment，或者滑動 並新增 UI 的某些部分您需要以手動方式前往這些基準測試 應用程式的所有部分，就像使用者一樣

如要手動瀏覽，請變更 setupBlock{} 內的程式碼以包含 所需效果，例如輕觸按鈕或滑動按鈕。你的measureBlock{}含有 您只會實際進行基準測試的 UI 操作：

Kotlin

@Test
fun nonExportedActivityScrollList() {
    benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(
        // ...
        setupBlock = setupBenchmark()
    ) {
        // ...
    }
}

private fun setupBenchmark(): MacrobenchmarkScope.() -> Unit = {
    // Before starting to measure, navigate to the UI to be measured
    startActivityAndWait()

    // click a button to launch the target activity.
    // While we use button text  here to find the button, you could also use
    // accessibility info or resourceId.
    val selector = By.text("RecyclerView")
    if (!device.wait(Until.hasObject(selector), 5_500)) {
        fail("Could not find resource in time")
    }
    val launchRecyclerActivity = device.findObject(selector)
    launchRecyclerActivity.click()

    // wait until the activity is shown
    device.wait(
        Until.hasObject(By.clazz("$packageName.NonExportedRecyclerActivity")),
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(10)
    )
}
NonExportedActivityBenchmark.kt

Java

@Test
public void scrollList() {
    benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(
        // ...
        /* setupBlock */ scope -> {
            // Before measuring, navigate to the default activity.
            scope.startActivityAndWait();

            // Click a button to launch the target activity.
            // While you use resourceId here to find the button, you can also
            // use accessibility info or button text content.
            UiObject2 launchRecyclerActivity = scope.getDevice().findObject(
                By.res(packageName, "launchRecyclerActivity")
            )
            launchRecyclerActivity.click();

            // Wait until activity is shown.
            scope.getDevice().wait(
                Until.hasObject(By.clazz("$packageName.NonExportedRecyclerActivity")),
                10000L
            )

            return Unit.INSTANCE;
        },
        /* measureBlock */ scope -> {
            // ...
        }
    );
}