相机镜头和功能

注意：本页介绍的是 Camera2 软件包。除非您的应用需要 Camera2 中的特定低级功能，否则我们建议您使用 CameraX。CameraX 和 Camera2 都支持 Android 5.0（API 级别 21）及更高版本。

许多现代 Android 设备的前置、后置或后置摄像头都有两个或更多个摄像头 两个设备之间。每个镜头都可以有独特的功能，例如连拍、 手动控制或动作跟踪。用于存入支票的应用可能只能使用 第一个后置摄像头，而社交媒体应用可能会默认为 但要为用户提供一个选项，让他们可以在所有可用设备间 它还能记住用户的选择。

本页将介绍如何列出相机镜头及其功能， 可以在您的应用中决定在特定情况下应使用哪种镜头。 以下代码段会检索所有相机的列表，并迭代 ：

Kotlin

try {
    val cameraIdList = cameraManager.cameraIdList // may be empty

    // iterate over available camera devices
    for (cameraId in cameraIdList) {
        val characteristics = cameraManager.getCameraCharacteristics(cameraId)
        val cameraLensFacing = characteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.LENS_FACING)
        val cameraCapabilities = characteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES)

        // check if the selected camera device supports basic features
        // ensures backward compatibility with the original Camera API
        val isBackwardCompatible = cameraCapabilities?.contains(
            CameraMetadata.REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_BACKWARD_COMPATIBLE) ?: false
        ...
    }
} catch (e: CameraAccessException) {
    e.message?.let { Log.e(TAG, it) }
    ...
}

Java

try {
    String[] cameraIdList = cameraManager.getCameraIdList(); // may be empty

    // iterate over available camera devices
    for (String cameraId : cameraIdList) {
        CameraCharacteristics characteristics = cameraManager.getCameraCharacteristics(cameraId);
        int cameraLensFacing = characteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.LENS_FACING);
        int[] cameraCapabilities =
            characteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES);

        // check if the selected camera device supports basic features
        // ensures backward compatibility with the original Camera API
        boolean isBackwardCompatible = false;
        for (int capability : cameraCapabilities) {
            if (capability == CameraMetadata.REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_BACKWARD_COMPATIBLE) {
                isBackwardCompatible = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        ...
    }
} catch (CameraAccessException e) {
    Log.e(TAG, e.getMessage());
    ...
}

变量 cameraLensFacing 描述了镜头面向的方向 相对于设备屏幕，并具有以下值之一：

如需详细了解面向镜头的配置，请参阅 CameraCharacteristics.LENS_FACING。

上述代码示例中的变量 cameraCapabilities 包含 其他功能的相关信息，包括摄像头是否处于 能够生成标准帧作为输出（比方说， 深度传感器数据）。您可以查看 CameraMetadata.REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_BACKWARD_COMPATIBLE 是相机列出的功能之一，在 isBackwardCompatible。

选择合理的默认设置

在您的应用中，您可能需要默认打开特定相机 （如果有）。例如，自拍应用可能会打开设备的 而增强现实应用则可能从后置摄像头开始。 以下函数会返回面向指定方向的第一个镜头：

Kotlin

fun getFirstCameraIdFacing(cameraManager: CameraManager,
                           facing: Int = CameraMetadata.LENS_FACING_BACK): String? {
    try {
        // Get list of all compatible cameras
        val cameraIds = cameraManager.cameraIdList.filter {
            val characteristics = cameraManager.getCameraCharacteristics(it)
            val capabilities = characteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES)
            capabilities?.contains(
                    CameraMetadata.REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_BACKWARD_COMPATIBLE) ?: false
        }

        // Iterate over the list of cameras and return the first one matching desired
        // lens-facing configuration
        cameraIds.forEach {
            val characteristics = cameraManager.getCameraCharacteristics(it)
            if (characteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.LENS_FACING) == facing) {
                return it
            }
        }

        // If no camera matched desired orientation, return the first one from the list
        return cameraIds.firstOrNull()
    } catch (e: CameraAccessException) {
        e.message?.let { Log.e(TAG, it) }
    }
}

Java

public String getFirstCameraIdFacing(CameraManager cameraManager, @Nullable Integer facing) {
    if (facing == null) facing = CameraMetadata.LENS_FACING_BACK;
    String cameraId = null;

    try {
        // Get a list of all compatible cameras
        String[] cameraIdList = cameraManager.getCameraIdList();

        // Iterate over the list of cameras and return the first one matching desired
        // lens-facing configuration and backward compatibility
        for (String id : cameraIdList) {
            CameraCharacteristics characteristics = cameraManager.getCameraCharacteristics(id);
            int[] capabilities = characteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES);
            for (int capability : capabilities) {
                if (capability == CameraMetadata.REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_BACKWARD_COMPATIBLE
                        && characteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.LENS_FACING).equals(facing)) {
                    cameraId = id;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        // If no camera matches the desired orientation, return the first one from the list
        cameraId = cameraIdList[0];
    } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
        Log.e(TAG, "getFirstCameraIdFacing: " + e.getMessage());
    }

    return cameraId;
}

允许切换摄像头

许多相机应用为用户提供切换摄像头的选项：

图 1. 在 Google 相机应用中切换相机按钮

许多设备都有多个朝向同一方向的摄像头。有些人甚至还有 外接 USB 摄像头。为用户提供一个界面 请为各个摄像头选择第一个可用的摄像头 。

尽管没有用于选择下一个摄像头的通用逻辑， 以下代码适用于大多数用例：

Kotlin

fun filterCompatibleCameras(cameraIds: Array<String>,
                            cameraManager: CameraManager): List<String> {
    return cameraIds.filter {
        val characteristics = cameraManager.getCameraCharacteristics(it)
        characteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES)?.contains(
                CameraMetadata.REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_BACKWARD_COMPATIBLE) ?: false
    }
}

fun filterCameraIdsFacing(cameraIds: List<String>, cameraManager: CameraManager,
                          facing: Int): List<String> {
    return cameraIds.filter {
        val characteristics = cameraManager.getCameraCharacteristics(it)
        characteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.LENS_FACING) == facing
    }
}

fun getNextCameraId(cameraManager: CameraManager, currCameraId: String? = null): String? {
    // Get all front, back and external cameras in 3 separate lists
    val cameraIds = filterCompatibleCameras(cameraManager.cameraIdList, cameraManager)
    val backCameras = filterCameraIdsFacing(
            cameraIds, cameraManager, CameraMetadata.LENS_FACING_BACK)
    val frontCameras = filterCameraIdsFacing(
            cameraIds, cameraManager, CameraMetadata.LENS_FACING_FRONT)
    val externalCameras = filterCameraIdsFacing(
            cameraIds, cameraManager, CameraMetadata.LENS_FACING_EXTERNAL)

    // The recommended order of iteration is: all external, first back, first front
    val allCameras = (externalCameras + listOf(
            backCameras.firstOrNull(), frontCameras.firstOrNull())).filterNotNull()

    // Get the index of the currently selected camera in the list
    val cameraIndex = allCameras.indexOf(currCameraId)

    // The selected camera may not be in the list, for example it could be an
    // external camera that has been removed by the user
    return if (cameraIndex == -1) {
        // Return the first camera from the list
        allCameras.getOrNull(0)
    } else {
        // Return the next camera from the list, wrap around if necessary
        allCameras.getOrNull((cameraIndex + 1) % allCameras.size)
    }
}

Java

public List<String> filterCompatibleCameras(CameraManager cameraManager, String[] cameraIds) {
    final List<String> compatibleCameras = new ArrayList<>();

    try {
        for (String id : cameraIds) {
            CameraCharacteristics characteristics = cameraManager.getCameraCharacteristics(id);
            int[] capabilities = characteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES);
            for (int capability : capabilities) {
                if (capability == CameraMetadata.REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_BACKWARD_COMPATIBLE) {
                    compatibleCameras.add(id);
                }
            }
        }
    } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
        Log.e(TAG, "filterCompatibleCameras: " + e.getMessage());
    }

    return compatibleCameras;
}

public List<String> filterCameraIdsFacing(CameraManager cameraManager, List<String> cameraIds, int lensFacing) {
    final List<String> compatibleCameras = new ArrayList<>();

    try {
        for (String id : cameraIds) {
            CameraCharacteristics characteristics = cameraManager.getCameraCharacteristics(id);
            if (characteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.LENS_FACING) == lensFacing) {
                compatibleCameras.add(id);
            }
        }
    } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
        Log.e(TAG, "filterCameraIdsFacing: " + e.getMessage());
    }

    return compatibleCameras;
}

public String getNextCameraId(CameraManager cameraManager, @Nullable String currentCameraId) {
    String nextCameraId = null;

    try {
        // Get all front, back, and external cameras in 3 separate lists
        List<String> compatibleCameraIds = filterCompatibleCameras(cameraManager, cameraManager.getCameraIdList());
        List<String> backCameras = filterCameraIdsFacing(cameraManager, compatibleCameraIds, CameraMetadata.LENS_FACING_BACK);
        List<String> frontCameras = filterCameraIdsFacing(cameraManager, compatibleCameraIds, CameraMetadata.LENS_FACING_FRONT);
        List<String>externalCameras = filterCameraIdsFacing(cameraManager, compatibleCameraIds, CameraMetadata.LENS_FACING_EXTERNAL);

        // The recommended order of iteration is: all external, first back, first front
        List<String> allCameras = new ArrayList<>(externalCameras);
        if (!backCameras.isEmpty()) allCameras.add(backCameras.get(0));
        if (!frontCameras.isEmpty()) allCameras.add(frontCameras.get(0));

        // Get the index of the currently selected camera in the list
        int cameraIndex = allCameras.indexOf(currentCameraId);

        // The selected camera may not be in the list, for example it could be an
        // external camera that has been removed by the user
        if (cameraIndex == -1) {
            // Return the first camera from the list
            nextCameraId = !allCameras.isEmpty() ? allCameras.get(0) : null;
        else {
            if (!allCameras.isEmpty()) {
                // Return the next camera from the list, wrap around if necessary
                nextCameraId = allCameras.get((cameraIndex + 1) % allCameras.size());
            }
        }
    } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
        Log.e(TAG, "getNextCameraId: " + e.getMessage());
    }

    return nextCameraId;
}

此代码适用于具有许多不同类型设备的大型 配置。如需详细了解如何考虑边缘情况，请参阅 CameraMetadata.REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA。

创建兼容的应用

对于仍在使用已弃用的 Camera API 的应用，摄像头的数量 那个 Camera.getNumberOfCameras() 退货金额取决于 OEM 的实现情况。如果 为保持应用的向后兼容性，此方法仅公开 每个逻辑摄像头和底层物理摄像头组的摄像头。 使用 Camera2 API 查看所有摄像头。

有关摄像头方向的更多背景信息，请参阅 Camera.CameraInfo.orientation。

一般来说，使用 Camera.getCameraInfo() 用于查询所有相机的 API orientation、 并针对每个可用的屏幕方向仅展示一个摄像头 来切换摄像头

适应所有设备类型

不要假设应用总是在具有一个或 两台摄像头而是应选择最适合该应用的摄像头。如果您 不需要特定摄像头，请选择第一个面向所需摄像头的 。如果连接了外接摄像头，您可能会认为用户 倾向于使用默认设置