滑动视图允许您使用水平手指手势(滑动)在同级子屏幕(例如标签页)之间进行导航。此导航模式也称为“水平分页”。本文档介绍了如何创建具有滑动视图(以便在标签页之间切换)的标签页布局,以及如何显示标题条而不是标签页。
实现滑动视图
您可以使用 AndroidX 的 ViewPager
widget 创建滑动视图。如需使用 ViewPager
和标签页,请在项目中添加 Viewpager
和 Material 组件的依赖项。
如需使用 ViewPager
设置布局,请将 <ViewPager>
元素添加到 XML 布局中。例如,如果滑动视图中的每个页面都需要使用整个布局,布局应大致如下所示:
<androidx.viewpager.widget.ViewPager
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/pager"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
如需插入代表各个页面的子视图,请将此布局挂接到 PagerAdapter
。有以下两种内置适配器可供选择:
FragmentPagerAdapter
:适用于在固定数量的少量同级子界面之间进行导航。FragmentStatePagerAdapter
:适用于对未知数量的页面进行分页。FragmentStatePagerAdapter
会在用户导航至其他位置时销毁 fragment,从而优化内存使用情况。
以下示例展示了如何使用 FragmentStatePagerAdapter
在一组 Fragment
对象之间滑动:
Kotlin
class CollectionDemoFragment : Fragment() { // When requested, this adapter returns a DemoObjectFragment, representing // an object in the collection. private lateinit var demoCollectionPagerAdapter: DemoCollectionPagerAdapter private lateinit var viewPager: ViewPager override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?): View? { return inflater.inflate(R.layout.collection_demo, container, false) } override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { demoCollectionPagerAdapter = DemoCollectionPagerAdapter(childFragmentManager) viewPager = view.findViewById(R.id.pager) viewPager.adapter = demoCollectionPagerAdapter } } // Since this is an object collection, use a FragmentStatePagerAdapter, not a // FragmentPagerAdapter. class DemoCollectionPagerAdapter(fm: FragmentManager) : FragmentStatePagerAdapter(fm) { override fun getCount(): Int = 100 override fun getItem(i: Int): Fragment { val fragment = DemoObjectFragment() fragment.arguments = Bundle().apply { // Our object is just an integer :-P putInt(ARG_OBJECT, i + 1) } return fragment } override fun getPageTitle(position: Int): CharSequence { return "OBJECT ${(position + 1)}" } } private const val ARG_OBJECT = "object" // Instances of this class are fragments representing a single object in your // collection. class DemoObjectFragment : Fragment() { override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?): View { return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_collection_object, container, false) } override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { arguments?.takeIf { it.containsKey(ARG_OBJECT) }?.apply { val textView: TextView = view.findViewById(android.R.id.text1) textView.text = getInt(ARG_OBJECT).toString() } } }
Java
public class CollectionDemoFragment extends Fragment { // When requested, this adapter returns a DemoObjectFragment, representing // an object in the collection. DemoCollectionPagerAdapter demoCollectionPagerAdapter; ViewPager viewPager; @Nullable @Override public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { return inflater.inflate(R.layout.collection_demo, container, false); } @Override public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { demoCollectionPagerAdapter = new DemoCollectionPagerAdapter(getChildFragmentManager()); viewPager = view.findViewById(R.id.pager); viewPager.setAdapter(demoCollectionPagerAdapter); } } // Since this is an object collection, use a FragmentStatePagerAdapter, not a // FragmentPagerAdapter. public class DemoCollectionPagerAdapter extends FragmentStatePagerAdapter { public DemoCollectionPagerAdapter(FragmentManager fm) { super(fm); } @Override public Fragment getItem(int i) { Fragment fragment = new DemoObjectFragment(); Bundle args = new Bundle(); // Our object is just an integer. args.putInt(DemoObjectFragment.ARG_OBJECT, i + 1); fragment.setArguments(args); return fragment; } @Override public int getCount() { return 100; } @Override public CharSequence getPageTitle(int position) { return "OBJECT " + (position + 1); } } // Instances of this class are fragments representing a single object in your // collection. public class DemoObjectFragment extends Fragment { public static final String ARG_OBJECT = "object"; @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_collection_object, container, false); } @Override public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { Bundle args = getArguments(); ((TextView) view.findViewById(android.R.id.text1)) .setText(Integer.toString(args.getInt(ARG_OBJECT))); } }
以下部分介绍了如何添加标签页,以便在页面之间进行导航。
使用 TabLayout 添加标签页
TabLayout
提供了一种横向显示标签页的方式。当与 ViewPager
一起使用时,TabLayout
可以提供一种熟悉的界面,让用户在滑动视图中浏览各个页面。
TabLayout
。如需在 ViewPager
中加入 TabLayout
,请在 <ViewPager>
元素内添加 <TabLayout>
元素,如以下示例所示:
<androidx.viewpager.widget.ViewPager
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/pager"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<com.google.android.material.tabs.TabLayout
android:id="@+id/tab_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</androidx.viewpager.widget.ViewPager>
使用 setupWithViewPager()
将 TabLayout
与 ViewPager
相关联,如以下示例所示。TabLayout
中的各个标签页会自动填充 PagerAdapter
中的页面标题。
Kotlin
class CollectionDemoFragment : Fragment() { ... override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { val tabLayout = view.findViewById(R.id.tab_layout) tabLayout.setupWithViewPager(viewPager) } ... } class DemoCollectionPagerAdapter(fm: FragmentManager) : FragmentStatePagerAdapter(fm) { override fun getCount(): Int = 4 override fun getPageTitle(position: Int): CharSequence { return "OBJECT ${(position + 1)}" } ... }
Java
public class CollectionDemoFragment extends Fragment { ... @Override public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { TabLayout tabLayout = view.findViewById(R.id.tab_layout); tabLayout.setupWithViewPager(viewPager); } ... } public class DemoCollectionPagerAdapter extends FragmentStatePagerAdapter { ... @Override public int getCount() { return 4; } @Override public CharSequence getPageTitle(int position) { return "OBJECT " + (position + 1); } ... }
如需了解标签页布局的其他设计准则,请参阅适用于标签页的 Material Design 文档。