使用 ViewPager 以滑動方式切換內容片段

試用 Compose
Jetpack Compose 是 Android 推薦的 UI 工具包。瞭解如何在 Compose 中使用 Pager。

螢幕投影片是指整個螢幕畫面之間的轉場效果,常見於設定精靈或幻燈片等 UI。本課程將說明如何使用支援程式庫提供的 ViewPager 執行螢幕幻燈片。ViewPager 物件可自動建立畫面投影片的動畫。以下是從一個畫面內容切換到下一個畫面時的畫面幻燈片:

螢幕滑動動畫
 

ViewPager 為 AndroidX 的一部分。詳情請參閱「使用 AndroidX」。

建立檢視畫面

建立稍後用於片段內容的版面配置檔案。您也需要為片段內容定義字串。以下範例包含文字檢視區塊,用於顯示文字:

<!-- fragment_screen_slide_page.xml -->
<ScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/content"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >

    <TextView style="?android:textAppearanceMedium"
        android:padding="16dp"
        android:lineSpacingMultiplier="1.2"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/lorem_ipsum" />
</ScrollView>

建立片段

建立 Fragment 類別,傳回您剛才在 onCreateView() 方法中建立的版面配置。接下來,每當您需要向使用者顯示新頁面時,即可在父項活動中建立這個片段的例項:

Kotlin

import android.support.v4.app.Fragment

class ScreenSlidePageFragment : Fragment() {

    override fun onCreateView(
            inflater: LayoutInflater,
            container: ViewGroup?,
            savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_screen_slide_page, container, false)
}

Java

import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
...
public class ScreenSlidePageFragment extends Fragment {

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
            Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        ViewGroup rootView = (ViewGroup) inflater.inflate(
                R.layout.fragment_screen_slide_page, container, false);

        return rootView;
    }
}

新增 ViewPager

ViewPager 物件內建滑動手勢,可用於在頁面之間進行轉場,且預設會顯示螢幕滑動動畫,因此您不需要自行建立動畫。ViewPager 會使用 PagerAdapter 物件做為新頁面顯示的供應項目,因此 PagerAdapter 會使用您先前建立的片段類別。

首先,請建立包含 ViewPager 的版面配置:

<!-- activity_screen_slide.xml -->
<android.support.v4.view.ViewPager
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/pager"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" />

建立可執行下列操作的活動:

  • 將內容檢視畫面設為使用 ViewPager 的版面配置。
  • 建立擴充 FragmentStatePagerAdapter 抽象類別的類別並實作 getItem() 方法,提供 ScreenSlidePageFragment 的例項做為新頁面。翻頁器轉接程式也要求您實作 getCount() 方法,該方法會傳回轉接程式將建立的網頁數量 (在本例中為五個)。
  • PagerAdapter 連結至 ViewPager

Kotlin

import android.support.v4.app.Fragment
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager
...
/**
 * The number of pages (wizard steps) to show in this demo.
 */
private const val NUM_PAGES = 5

class ScreenSlidePagerActivity : FragmentActivity() {

    /**
     * The pager widget, which handles animation and allows swiping horizontally to access previous
     * and next wizard steps.
     */
    private lateinit var mPager: ViewPager

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_screen_slide)

        // Instantiate a ViewPager and a PagerAdapter.
        mPager = findViewById(R.id.pager)

        // The pager adapter, which provides the pages to the view pager widget.
        val pagerAdapter = ScreenSlidePagerAdapter(supportFragmentManager)
        mPager.adapter = pagerAdapter
    }

    override fun onBackPressed() {
        if (mPager.currentItem == 0) {
            // If the user is currently looking at the first step, allow the system to handle the
            // Back button. This calls finish() on this activity and pops the back stack.
            super.onBackPressed()
        } else {
            // Otherwise, select the previous step.
            mPager.currentItem = mPager.currentItem - 1
        }
    }

    /**
     * A simple pager adapter that represents 5 ScreenSlidePageFragment objects, in
     * sequence.
     */
    private inner class ScreenSlidePagerAdapter(fm: FragmentManager) : FragmentStatePagerAdapter(fm) {
        override fun getCount(): Int = NUM_PAGES

        override fun getItem(position: Int): Fragment = ScreenSlidePageFragment()
    }
}

Java

import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
...
public class ScreenSlidePagerActivity extends FragmentActivity {
    /**
     * The number of pages (wizard steps) to show in this demo.
     */
    private static final int NUM_PAGES = 5;

    /**
     * The pager widget, which handles animation and allows swiping horizontally to access previous
     * and next wizard steps.
     */
    private ViewPager mPager;

    /**
     * The pager adapter, which provides the pages to the view pager widget.
     */
    private PagerAdapter pagerAdapter;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_screen_slide);

        // Instantiate a ViewPager and a PagerAdapter.
        mPager = (ViewPager) findViewById(R.id.pager);
        pagerAdapter = new ScreenSlidePagerAdapter(getSupportFragmentManager());
        mPager.setAdapter(pagerAdapter);
    }

    @Override
    public void onBackPressed() {
        if (mPager.getCurrentItem() == 0) {
            // If the user is currently looking at the first step, allow the system to handle the
            // Back button. This calls finish() on this activity and pops the back stack.
            super.onBackPressed();
        } else {
            // Otherwise, select the previous step.
            mPager.setCurrentItem(mPager.getCurrentItem() - 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * A simple pager adapter that represents 5 ScreenSlidePageFragment objects, in
     * sequence.
     */
    private class ScreenSlidePagerAdapter extends FragmentStatePagerAdapter {
        public ScreenSlidePagerAdapter(FragmentManager fm) {
            super(fm);
        }

        @Override
        public Fragment getItem(int position) {
            return new ScreenSlidePageFragment();
        }

        @Override
        public int getCount() {
            return NUM_PAGES;
        }
    }
}

使用 PageTransformer 自訂動畫

如要顯示與預設畫面投影片動畫不同的動畫,請實作 ViewPager.PageTransformer 介面,並提供給檢視頁面器。這個介面會公開單一方法 transformPage()。在畫面轉換過程的每個時間點,系統會針對每個可見頁面 (通常只有一個可見頁面) 以及位於畫面外的相鄰頁面呼叫一次這個方法。 舉例來說,如果第 3 頁顯示時,使用者拖曳到第四個頁面,系統就會在手勢的每個步驟中呼叫第 2、3 和 4 頁的 transformPage()

transformPage() 的導入作業中,您可以根據畫面上頁面的實際位置 (可從 transformPage() 方法的 position 參數取得),判斷哪些頁面需要轉換,進而建立自訂的滑動動畫。

position 參數會指出指定網頁相對於畫面中央的位置。這類動態屬性會隨著使用者捲動網頁而改變。網頁填滿螢幕時,其位置值為 0。如果頁面偏離畫面右側,則頁面的位置值為 1。如果使用者從第 1 頁和第 2 頁之間捲動網頁,第 1 頁的排名為 -0.5,而第 2 頁的排名為 0.5。您可以視頁面在畫面上的位置,利用 setAlpha()setTranslationX()setScaleY() 等方法設定頁面屬性,藉此建立自訂投影片動畫。

實作 PageTransformer 時,請在實作中呼叫 setPageTransformer(),以套用自訂動畫。舉例來說,如果您有名為 ZoomOutPageTransformerPageTransformer,可以設定自訂動畫,如下所示:

Kotlin

val mPager: ViewPager = findViewById(R.id.pager)
...
mPager.setPageTransformer(true, ZoomOutPageTransformer())

Java

ViewPager mPager = (ViewPager) findViewById(R.id.pager);
...
mPager.setPageTransformer(true, new ZoomOutPageTransformer());

如需 PageTransformer 的範例和影片,請參閱「縮小頁面轉換器」和「深度頁面轉換器」章節。

縮小頁面轉換器

當您在相鄰頁面之間捲動時,這個頁面轉換器會縮小並淡出頁面。網頁越接近中央,就會恢復正常大小並淡入。

ZoomOutPageTransformer 範例
 

Kotlin

private const val MIN_SCALE = 0.85f
private const val MIN_ALPHA = 0.5f

class ZoomOutPageTransformer : ViewPager.PageTransformer {

    override fun transformPage(view: View, position: Float) {
        view.apply {
            val pageWidth = width
            val pageHeight = height
            when {
                position < -1 -> { // [-Infinity,-1)
                    // This page is way off-screen to the left.
                    alpha = 0f
                }
                position <= 1 -> { // [-1,1]
                    // Modify the default slide transition to shrink the page as well
                    val scaleFactor = Math.max(MIN_SCALE, 1 - Math.abs(position))
                    val vertMargin = pageHeight * (1 - scaleFactor) / 2
                    val horzMargin = pageWidth * (1 - scaleFactor) / 2
                    translationX = if (position < 0) {
                        horzMargin - vertMargin / 2
                    } else {
                        horzMargin + vertMargin / 2
                    }

                    // Scale the page down (between MIN_SCALE and 1)
                    scaleX = scaleFactor
                    scaleY = scaleFactor

                    // Fade the page relative to its size.
                    alpha = (MIN_ALPHA +
                            (((scaleFactor - MIN_SCALE) / (1 - MIN_SCALE)) * (1 - MIN_ALPHA)))
                }
                else -> { // (1,+Infinity]
                    // This page is way off-screen to the right.
                    alpha = 0f
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Java

public class ZoomOutPageTransformer implements ViewPager.PageTransformer {
    private static final float MIN_SCALE = 0.85f;
    private static final float MIN_ALPHA = 0.5f;

    public void transformPage(View view, float position) {
        int pageWidth = view.getWidth();
        int pageHeight = view.getHeight();

        if (position < -1) { // [-Infinity,-1)
            // This page is way off-screen to the left.
            view.setAlpha(0f);

        } else if (position <= 1) { // [-1,1]
            // Modify the default slide transition to shrink the page as well
            float scaleFactor = Math.max(MIN_SCALE, 1 - Math.abs(position));
            float vertMargin = pageHeight * (1 - scaleFactor) / 2;
            float horzMargin = pageWidth * (1 - scaleFactor) / 2;
            if (position < 0) {
                view.setTranslationX(horzMargin - vertMargin / 2);
            } else {
                view.setTranslationX(-horzMargin + vertMargin / 2);
            }

            // Scale the page down (between MIN_SCALE and 1)
            view.setScaleX(scaleFactor);
            view.setScaleY(scaleFactor);

            // Fade the page relative to its size.
            view.setAlpha(MIN_ALPHA +
                    (scaleFactor - MIN_SCALE) /
                    (1 - MIN_SCALE) * (1 - MIN_ALPHA));

        } else { // (1,+Infinity]
            // This page is way off-screen to the right.
            view.setAlpha(0f);
        }
    }
}

深度頁面轉換工具

此頁面轉換器使用預設的投影片動畫將頁面向左滑動,同時使用「深度」動畫將頁面向右滑動。這種深度動畫會將頁面淡出,並線性縮小。

DepthPageTransformer 範例
 

在深度動畫期間,系統仍會執行預設動畫 (螢幕滑動),因此您必須使用負 X 平移來抵銷螢幕滑動。例如:

Kotlin

view.translationX = -1 * view.width * position

Java

view.setTranslationX(-1 * view.getWidth() * position);

以下範例說明如何在有效頁面轉換器中,對應預設畫面投影片動畫:

Kotlin

private const val MIN_SCALE = 0.75f

class DepthPageTransformer : ViewPager.PageTransformer {

    override fun transformPage(view: View, position: Float) {
        view.apply {
            val pageWidth = width
            when {
                position < -1 -> { // [-Infinity,-1)
                    // This page is way off-screen to the left.
                    alpha = 0f
                }
                position <= 0 -> { // [-1,0]
                    // Use the default slide transition when moving to the left page
                    alpha = 1f
                    translationX = 0f
                    scaleX = 1f
                    scaleY = 1f
                }
                position <= 1 -> { // (0,1]
                    // Fade the page out.
                    alpha = 1 - position

                    // Counteract the default slide transition
                    translationX = pageWidth * -position

                    // Scale the page down (between MIN_SCALE and 1)
                    val scaleFactor = (MIN_SCALE + (1 - MIN_SCALE) * (1 - Math.abs(position)))
                    scaleX = scaleFactor
                    scaleY = scaleFactor
                }
                else -> { // (1,+Infinity]
                    // This page is way off-screen to the right.
                    alpha = 0f
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Java

public class DepthPageTransformer implements ViewPager.PageTransformer {
    private static final float MIN_SCALE = 0.75f;

    public void transformPage(View view, float position) {
        int pageWidth = view.getWidth();

        if (position < -1) { // [-Infinity,-1)
            // This page is way off-screen to the left.
            view.setAlpha(0f);

        } else if (position <= 0) { // [-1,0]
            // Use the default slide transition when moving to the left page
            view.setAlpha(1f);
            view.setTranslationX(0f);
            view.setScaleX(1f);
            view.setScaleY(1f);

        } else if (position <= 1) { // (0,1]
            // Fade the page out.
            view.setAlpha(1 - position);

            // Counteract the default slide transition
            view.setTranslationX(pageWidth * -position);

            // Scale the page down (between MIN_SCALE and 1)
            float scaleFactor = MIN_SCALE
                    + (1 - MIN_SCALE) * (1 - Math.abs(position));
            view.setScaleX(scaleFactor);
            view.setScaleY(scaleFactor);

        } else { // (1,+Infinity]
            // This page is way off-screen to the right.
            view.setAlpha(0f);
        }
    }
}