状态保留和永久性存储

状态保留和永久性存储是墨迹书写应用的重要方面。这需要一种周全的策略，以便在配置更改等场景中保存状态，并将用户的绘图永久保存到数据库中。

状态保留

在基于 View 的应用中，界面状态是通过以下各项的组合来管理的：

• ViewModel 对象
• 使用以下项保存的实例状态：
  • 活动 onSaveInstanceState()
  • ViewModel SavedStateHandle
  • 本地存储空间，以便在应用和 activity 过渡期间保持界面状态

请参阅保存界面状态。

永久性存储空间

To enable features such as document saving, loading, and potential real-time collaboration, store strokes and associated data in a serialized format. For the Ink API, manual serialization and deserialization are necessary.

To accurately restore a stroke, save its Brush and StrokeInputBatch.

• Brush: Includes numeric fields (size, epsilon), color, and BrushFamily.
• StrokeInputBatch: A list of input points with numeric fields.

The Storage module simplifies compactly serializing the most complex part: the StrokeInputBatch.

Note: See data transfer objects such as SerializedBrush and SerializedStroke as well as the Converters helper class in the Data object and converter helpers section.

To save a stroke:

• Serialize the StrokeInputBatch using the storage module's encode function. Store the resulting binary data.
• Separately save the essential properties of the stroke's Brush:
  • The enum that represents the brush family &mdash Although the instance can be serialized, this is not efficient for apps that use a limited selection of brush families
  • colorLong
  • size
  • epsilon

fun serializeStroke(stroke: Stroke): SerializedStroke {
  val serializedBrush = serializeBrush(stroke.brush)
  val encodedSerializedInputs = ByteArrayOutputStream().use
    {
      stroke.inputs.encode(it)
      it.toByteArray()
    }

  return SerializedStroke(
    inputs = encodedSerializedInputs,
    brush = serializedBrush
  )
}

To load a stroke object:

• Retrieve the saved binary data for the StrokeInputBatch and deserialize it using the storage module's decode() function.
• Retrieve the saved Brush properties and create the brush.

• Create the final stroke using the recreated brush and the deserialized StrokeInputBatch.

  fun deserializeStroke(serializedStroke: SerializedStroke): Stroke {
    val inputs = ByteArrayInputStream(serializedStroke.inputs).use {
      StrokeInputBatch.decode(it)
    }
    val brush = deserializeBrush(serializedStroke.brush)
    return Stroke(brush = brush, inputs = inputs)
  }
  

Handle zoom, pan, and rotation

If your app supports zooming, panning, or rotation, you must provide the current transformation to InProgressStrokes. This helps newly drawn strokes match the position and scale of your existing strokes.

You do this by passing a Matrix to the pointerEventToWorldTransform parameter. The matrix should represent the inverse of the transformation you apply to your finished strokes canvas.

@Composable
fun ZoomableDrawingScreen(...) {
    // 1. Manage your zoom/pan state (e.g., using detectTransformGestures).
    var zoom by remember { mutableStateOf(1f) }
    var pan by remember { mutableStateOf(Offset.Zero) }

    // 2. Create the Matrix.
    val pointerEventToWorldTransform = remember(zoom, pan) {
        android.graphics.Matrix().apply {
            // Apply the inverse of your rendering transforms
            postTranslate(-pan.x, -pan.y)
            postScale(1 / zoom, 1 / zoom)
        }
    }

    Box(modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize()) {
        // ...Your finished strokes Canvas, with regular transform applied

        // 3. Pass the matrix to InProgressStrokes.
        InProgressStrokes(
            modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize(),
            pointerEventToWorldTransform = pointerEventToWorldTransform,
            defaultBrush = currentBrush,
            nextBrush = onGetNextBrush,
            onStrokesFinished = onStrokesFinished
        )
    }
}

Note: For details on implementing the gestures themselves, refer to the Jetpack Compose documentation for detectTransformGestures.

Export strokes

您可能需要将笔画场景导出为静态图片文件。这对于与其他应用分享绘画、生成缩略图或保存最终的不可编辑版本的内容非常有用。

如需导出场景，您可以将笔画渲染到屏幕外位图，而不是直接渲染到屏幕。使用 Android's Picture API，这样您就可以在画布上录制绘画，而无需使用可见的界面组件。

该过程包括创建 Picture 实例、调用 beginRecording() 以获取 Canvas，然后使用现有的 CanvasStrokeRenderer 将每笔画绘制到该 Canvas 上。记录所有绘制命令后，您可以使用 Picture 创建 Bitmap，然后将其压缩并保存到文件中。

fun exportDocumentAsImage() {
  val picture = Picture()
  val canvas = picture.beginRecording(bitmapWidth, bitmapHeight)

  // The following is similar logic that you'd use in your custom View.onDraw or Compose Canvas.
  for (item in myDocument) {
    when (item) {
      is Stroke -> {
        canvasStrokeRenderer.draw(canvas, stroke, worldToScreenTransform)
      }
      // Draw your other types of items to the canvas.
    }
  }

  // Create a Bitmap from the Picture and write it to a file.
  val bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(picture)
  val outstream = FileOutputStream(filename)
  bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, outstream)
}

Data object and converter helpers

Define a serialization object structure that mirrors needed Ink API objects.

Use the Ink API's storage module to encode and decode StrokeInputBatch.

Data transfer objects

@Parcelize
@Serializable
data class SerializedStroke(
  val inputs: ByteArray,
  val brush: SerializedBrush
) : Parcelable {
  override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
    if (this === other) return true
    if (other !is SerializedStroke) return false
    if (!inputs.contentEquals(other.inputs)) return false
    if (brush != other.brush) return false
    return true
  }

  override fun hashCode(): Int {
    var result = inputs.contentHashCode()
    result = 31 * result + brush.hashCode()
    return result
  }
}

@Parcelize
@Serializable
data class SerializedBrush(
  val size: Float,
  val color: Long,
  val epsilon: Float,
  val stockBrush: SerializedStockBrush,
  val clientBrushFamilyId: String? = null
) : Parcelable

enum class SerializedStockBrush {
  Marker,
  PressurePen,
  Highlighter,
  DashedLine,
}

Converters

object Converters {
  private val stockBrushToEnumValues = mapOf(
    StockBrushes.marker() to SerializedStockBrush.Marker,
    StockBrushes.pressurePen() to SerializedStockBrush.PressurePen,
    StockBrushes.highlighter() to SerializedStockBrush.Highlighter,
    StockBrushes.dashedLine() to SerializedStockBrush.DashedLine,
  )

  private val enumToStockBrush =
    stockBrushToEnumValues.entries.associate { (key, value) -> value to key
  }

  private fun serializeBrush(brush: Brush): SerializedBrush {
    return SerializedBrush(
      size = brush.size,
      color = brush.colorLong,
      epsilon = brush.epsilon,
      stockBrush = stockBrushToEnumValues[brush.family] ?: SerializedStockBrush.Marker,
    )
  }

  fun serializeStroke(stroke: Stroke): SerializedStroke {
    val serializedBrush = serializeBrush(stroke.brush)
    val encodedSerializedInputs = ByteArrayOutputStream().use { outputStream ->
      stroke.inputs.encode(outputStream)
      outputStream.toByteArray()
    }

    return SerializedStroke(
      inputs = encodedSerializedInputs,
      brush = serializedBrush
    )
  }

  private fun deserializeStroke(
    serializedStroke: SerializedStroke,
  ): Stroke? {
    val inputs = ByteArrayInputStream(serializedStroke.inputs).use { inputStream ->
        StrokeInputBatch.decode(inputStream)
    }
    val brush = deserializeBrush(serializedStroke.brush, customBrushes)
    return Stroke(brush = brush, inputs = inputs)
  }

  private fun deserializeBrush(
    serializedBrush: SerializedBrush,
  ): Brush {
    val stockBrushFamily = enumToStockBrush[serializedBrush.stockBrush]
    val brushFamily = customBrush?.brushFamily ?: stockBrushFamily ?: StockBrushes.marker()

    return Brush.createWithColorLong(
      family = brushFamily,
      colorLong = serializedBrush.color,
      size = serializedBrush.size,
      epsilon = serializedBrush.epsilon,
    )
  }
}