Added in API level 9

Builder

---

Kotlin |Java

class Builder

kotlin.Any
↳	android.os.StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Creates VmPolicy instances. Methods whose names start with detect specify what problems we should look for. Methods whose names start with penalty specify what we should do when we detect a problem.

You can call as many detect and penalty methods as you like. Currently order is insignificant: all penalties apply to all detected problems.

For example, detect everything and log anything that's found:

StrictMode.VmPolicy policy = new StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder()
      .detectAll()
      .penaltyLog()
      .build();
  StrictMode.setVmPolicy(policy);
  

Summary

Public constructors
Builder()
Builder(base: StrictMode.VmPolicy!) Builds upon an existing VmPolicy.

Public methods
StrictMode.VmPolicy!	build() Constructs the VmPolicy instance.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	detectActivityLeaks() Detects leaks of android.app.Activity subclasses.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	detectAll() Detects everything that's potentially suspect.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	detectBlockedBackgroundActivityLaunch() Detects when your app is blocked from launching a background activity or a PendingIntent created by your app cannot be launched.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	detectCleartextNetwork() Detects any network traffic from the calling app which is not wrapped in SSL/TLS.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	detectContentUriWithoutPermission() Detects when the calling application sends a content:// to another app without setting android.content.Intent#FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION or android.content.Intent#FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	detectCredentialProtectedWhileLocked() Detects access to filesystem paths stored in credential protected storage areas while the user is locked.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	detectFileUriExposure() Detects when the calling application exposes a file:// android.net.Uri to another app.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	detectImplicitDirectBoot() Detects any implicit reliance on Direct Boot automatic filtering of PackageManager values.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	detectIncorrectContextUse() Detects attempts to invoke a method on a Context that is not suited for such operation.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	detectLeakedClosableObjects() Detects when an java.io.Closeable or other object with an explicit termination method is finalized without having been closed.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	detectLeakedRegistrationObjects() Detects when a BroadcastReceiver or ServiceConnection is leaked during Context teardown.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	detectLeakedSqlLiteObjects() Detects when an android.database.sqlite.SQLiteCursor or other SQLite object is finalized without having been closed.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	detectNonSdkApiUsage() Detects reflective usage of APIs that are not part of the public Android SDK.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	detectUnsafeIntentLaunch() Detects when your app sends an unsafe Intent.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	detectUntaggedSockets() Detects any sockets in the calling app which have not been tagged using TrafficStats.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	ignoreBlockedBackgroundActivityLaunch() Stops detecting whether your app is blocked from launching a background activity or a PendingIntent created by your app cannot be launched.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	penaltyDeath() Crashes the whole process on violation.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	penaltyDeathOnCleartextNetwork() Crashes the whole process when cleartext network traffic is detected.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	penaltyDeathOnFileUriExposure() Crashes the whole process when a file:// android.net.Uri is exposed beyond this app.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	penaltyDropBox() Enables detected violations log a stacktrace and timing data to the on policy violation.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	penaltyListener(executor: Executor, listener: StrictMode.OnVmViolationListener) Calls #OnVmViolationListener.onVmViolation(Violation) on every violation.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	penaltyLog() Logs detected violations to the system log.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	permitNonSdkApiUsage() Permits reflective usage of APIs that are not part of the public Android SDK.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	permitUnsafeIntentLaunch() Permits your app to launch any Intent which originated from outside your app.
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	setClassInstanceLimit(klass: Class<Any!>!, instanceLimit: Int) Sets an upper bound on how many instances of a class can be in memory at once.

Public constructors

Builder

Added in API level 9

Builder()

Builder

Added in API level 11

Builder(base: StrictMode.VmPolicy!)

Builds upon an existing VmPolicy.

Public methods

build

Added in API level 9

fun build(): StrictMode.VmPolicy!

Constructs the VmPolicy instance.

Note: if no penalties are enabled before calling build, penaltyLog is implicitly set.

detectActivityLeaks

Added in API level 11

fun detectActivityLeaks(): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Detects leaks of android.app.Activity subclasses.

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

detectAll

Added in API level 9

fun detectAll(): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Detects everything that's potentially suspect.

In the Honeycomb release this includes leaks of SQLite cursors, Activities, and other closable objects but will likely expand in future releases.

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

detectBlockedBackgroundActivityLaunch

Added in API level Baklava

fun detectBlockedBackgroundActivityLaunch(): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Detects when your app is blocked from launching a background activity or a PendingIntent created by your app cannot be launched.

Starting an activity requires specific permissions which may depend on the state at runtime and especially in case of android.app.PendingIntent starts on the collaborating app. If the activity start is blocked methods like Context.startActivity(Intent) or PendingIntent.send() have no way to return that information. Instead you can use this strct mode feature to detect blocked starts.

Note that in some cases blocked starts may be unavoidable, e.g. when the user clicks the home button while the app tries to start a new activity.

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

detectCleartextNetwork

Added in API level 23

fun detectCleartextNetwork(): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Detects any network traffic from the calling app which is not wrapped in SSL/TLS. This can help you detect places that your app is inadvertently sending cleartext data across the network.

Using penaltyDeath() or penaltyDeathOnCleartextNetwork() will block further traffic on that socket to prevent accidental data leakage, in addition to crashing your process.

Using penaltyDropBox() will log the raw contents of the packet that triggered the violation.

This inspects both IPv4/IPv6 and TCP/UDP network traffic, but it may be subject to false positives, such as when STARTTLS protocols or HTTP proxies are used.

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

detectContentUriWithoutPermission

Added in API level 26

fun detectContentUriWithoutPermission(): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Detects when the calling application sends a content:// to another app without setting android.content.Intent#FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION or android.content.Intent#FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION.

Forgetting to include one or more of these flags when sending an intent is typically an app bug.

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

See Also

• android.content.Intent#FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION
• android.content.Intent#FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION

detectCredentialProtectedWhileLocked

Added in API level 29

fun detectCredentialProtectedWhileLocked(): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Detects access to filesystem paths stored in credential protected storage areas while the user is locked.

When a user is locked, credential protected storage is unavailable, and files stored in these locations appear to not exist, which can result in subtle app bugs if they assume default behaviors or empty states. Instead, apps should store data needed while a user is locked under device protected storage areas.

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

See Also

• android.content.Context#createDeviceProtectedStorageContext()

detectFileUriExposure

Added in API level 18

fun detectFileUriExposure(): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Detects when the calling application exposes a file:// android.net.Uri to another app.

This exposure is discouraged since the receiving app may not have access to the shared path. For example, the receiving app may not have requested the android.Manifest.permission#READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE runtime permission, or the platform may be sharing the android.net.Uri across user profile boundaries.

Instead, apps should use content:// Uris so the platform can extend temporary permission for the receiving app to access the resource.

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

See Also

• android.content.Intent#FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION

detectImplicitDirectBoot

Added in API level 29

fun detectImplicitDirectBoot(): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Detects any implicit reliance on Direct Boot automatic filtering of PackageManager values. Violations are only triggered when implicit calls are made while the user is locked.

Apps becoming Direct Boot aware need to carefully inspect each query site and explicitly decide which combination of flags they want to use:

• PackageManager.MATCH_DIRECT_BOOT_AWARE
• PackageManager.MATCH_DIRECT_BOOT_UNAWARE
• PackageManager.MATCH_DIRECT_BOOT_AUTO

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

detectIncorrectContextUse

Added in API level 31

fun detectIncorrectContextUse(): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Detects attempts to invoke a method on a Context that is not suited for such operation.

An example of this is trying to obtain an instance of UI service (e.g. android.view.WindowManager) from a non-visual Context. This is not allowed, since a non-visual Context is not adjusted to any visual area, and therefore can report incorrect metrics or resources.

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

See Also

• android.content.Context#getDisplay()
• android.content.Context#getSystemService(String)

detectLeakedClosableObjects

Added in API level 11

fun detectLeakedClosableObjects(): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Detects when an java.io.Closeable or other object with an explicit termination method is finalized without having been closed.

You always want to explicitly close such objects to avoid unnecessary resources leaks.

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

detectLeakedRegistrationObjects

Added in API level 16

fun detectLeakedRegistrationObjects(): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Detects when a BroadcastReceiver or ServiceConnection is leaked during Context teardown.

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

detectLeakedSqlLiteObjects

Added in API level 9

fun detectLeakedSqlLiteObjects(): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Detects when an android.database.sqlite.SQLiteCursor or other SQLite object is finalized without having been closed.

You always want to explicitly close your SQLite cursors to avoid unnecessary database contention and temporary memory leaks.

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

detectNonSdkApiUsage

Added in API level 28

fun detectNonSdkApiUsage(): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Detects reflective usage of APIs that are not part of the public Android SDK.

Note that any non-SDK APIs that this processes accesses before this detection is enabled may not be detected. To ensure that all such API accesses are detected, you should apply this policy as early as possible after process creation.

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

detectUnsafeIntentLaunch

Added in API level 31

fun detectUnsafeIntentLaunch(): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Detects when your app sends an unsafe Intent.

Violations may indicate security vulnerabilities in the design of your app, where a malicious app could trick you into granting Uri permissions or launching unexported components. Here are some typical design patterns that can be used to safely resolve these violations:

• If you are sending an implicit intent to an unexported component, you should make it an explicit intent by using Intent.setPackage, android.content.Intent#setClassName or Intent.setComponent.
• If you are unparceling and sending an intent from the intent delivered, The ideal approach is to migrate to using a android.app.PendingIntent, which ensures that your launch is performed using the identity of the original creator, completely avoiding the security issues described above.
• If using a android.app.PendingIntent isn't feasible, an alternative approach is to create a brand new Intent and carefully copy only specific values from the original Intent after careful validation.

Note that this may detect false-positives if your app sends itself an Intent which is first routed through the OS, such as using android.content.Intent#createChooser. In these cases, careful inspection is required to determine if the return point into your app is appropriately protected with a signature permission or marked as unexported. If the return point is not protected, your app is likely vulnerable to malicious apps.

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

See Also

• android.content.Context#startActivity(Intent)
• android.content.Context#startService(Intent)
• android.content.Context#bindService(Intent, ServiceConnection, int)
• android.content.Context#sendBroadcast(Intent)
• android.app.Activity#setResult(int, Intent)

detectUntaggedSockets

Added in API level 26

fun detectUntaggedSockets(): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Detects any sockets in the calling app which have not been tagged using TrafficStats. Tagging sockets can help you investigate network usage inside your app, such as a narrowing down heavy usage to a specific library or component.

This currently does not detect sockets created in native code.

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

See Also

• android.net.TrafficStats#setThreadStatsTag(int)
• android.net.TrafficStats#tagSocket(java.net.Socket)
• android.net.TrafficStats#tagDatagramSocket(java.net.DatagramSocket)

ignoreBlockedBackgroundActivityLaunch

Added in API level Baklava

fun ignoreBlockedBackgroundActivityLaunch(): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Stops detecting whether your app is blocked from launching a background activity or a PendingIntent created by your app cannot be launched.

This disables the effect of detectBlockedBackgroundActivityLaunch().

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

penaltyDeath

Added in API level 9

fun penaltyDeath(): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Crashes the whole process on violation. This penalty runs at the end of all enabled penalties so you'll still get your logging or other violations before the process dies.

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

penaltyDeathOnCleartextNetwork

Added in API level 23

fun penaltyDeathOnCleartextNetwork(): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Crashes the whole process when cleartext network traffic is detected.

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

See Also

• #detectCleartextNetwork()

penaltyDeathOnFileUriExposure

Added in API level 24

fun penaltyDeathOnFileUriExposure(): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Crashes the whole process when a file:// android.net.Uri is exposed beyond this app.

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

See Also

• #detectFileUriExposure()

penaltyDropBox

Added in API level 9

fun penaltyDropBox(): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Enables detected violations log a stacktrace and timing data to the on policy violation. Intended mostly for platform integrators doing beta user field data collection.

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

penaltyListener

Added in API level 28

fun penaltyListener(
    executor: Executor, 
    listener: StrictMode.OnVmViolationListener
): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Calls #OnVmViolationListener.onVmViolation(Violation) on every violation.

Parameters
executor	Executor: This value cannot be null.
listener	StrictMode.OnVmViolationListener: This value cannot be null.

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

penaltyLog

Added in API level 9

fun penaltyLog(): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Logs detected violations to the system log.

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

permitNonSdkApiUsage

Added in API level 28

fun permitNonSdkApiUsage(): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Permits reflective usage of APIs that are not part of the public Android SDK. Note that this only affects StrictMode, the underlying runtime may continue to restrict or warn on access to methods that are not part of the public SDK.

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

permitUnsafeIntentLaunch

Added in API level 31

fun permitUnsafeIntentLaunch(): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Permits your app to launch any Intent which originated from outside your app.

Disabling this check is strongly discouraged, as violations may indicate security vulnerabilities in the design of your app, where a malicious app could trick you into granting Uri permissions or launching unexported components.

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.

See Also

• #detectUnsafeIntentLaunch()

setClassInstanceLimit

Added in API level 11

fun setClassInstanceLimit(
    klass: Class<Any!>!, 
    instanceLimit: Int
): StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder

Sets an upper bound on how many instances of a class can be in memory at once. Helps to prevent object leaks.

Return
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder	This value cannot be null.