CommonExtension

Added in 4.2.0

interface CommonExtension<BuildFeaturesT : BuildFeatures, BuildTypeT : BuildType, DefaultConfigT : DefaultConfig, ProductFlavorT : ProductFlavor, AndroidResourcesT : AndroidResources, InstallationT : Installation>

Known direct subclasses
ApplicationExtension

Extension for the Android Gradle Plugin Application plugin.
DynamicFeatureExtension

Extension for the Android Dynamic Feature Gradle Plugin.
LibraryExtension

Extension for the Android Library Gradle Plugin.
TestExtension

Extension for the Android Test Gradle Plugin.

Common extension properties for the Android Application. Library and Dynamic Feature Plugins.

Only the Android Gradle Plugin should create instances of this interface.

Summary

Public functions
Unit
aaptOptions(action: AaptOptions.() -> Unit)

This function is deprecated. Replaced by

Unit
adbOptions(action: AdbOptions.() -> Unit)

This function is deprecated. Replaced by installation
Unit
androidResources(action: AndroidResourcesT.() -> Unit)

Specifies options related to the processing of Android Resources.
Unit
buildFeatures(action: BuildFeaturesT.() -> Unit)

A list of build features that can be enabled or disabled on the Android Project.
Unit
buildToolsVersion(buildToolsVersion: String)

This function is deprecated. Replaced by buildToolsVersion property
Unit
buildTypes(action: NamedDomainObjectContainer<BuildTypeT>.() -> Unit)

Encapsulates all build type configurations for this project.
Unit

Specifies Java compiler options, such as the language level of the Java source code and generated bytecode.
Unit
compileSdkAddon(vendor: String, name: String, version: Int)

Specify an SDK add-on to compile your project against.
Unit

This function is deprecated. Replaced by compileSdk
Unit

This function is deprecated. Replaced by compileSdkPreview
Unit
Unit
dataBinding(action: DataBinding.() -> Unit)

Specifies options for the Data Binding Library.
Unit
NamedDomainObjectContainer<BuildTypeT>.debug(action: BuildTypeT.() -> Unit)

Shortcut extension method to allow easy access to the predefined debug BuildType
Unit
defaultConfig(action: DefaultConfigT.() -> Unit)

Specifies defaults for variant properties that the Android plugin applies to all build variants.
Unit

Specifies options for external native build using CMake or ndk-build.
Unit
flavorDimensions(vararg dimensions: String)

This function is deprecated. Replaced by flavorDimensions property
File
Unit
installation(action: InstallationT.() -> Unit)

Specifies options for the Android Debug Bridge (ADB), such as APK installation options.
Unit

This function is deprecated. Renamed to testCoverage
Unit
lint(action: Lint.() -> Unit)

Specifies options for the lint tool.
Unit

This function is deprecated. Renamed to lint
Unit
packaging(action: Packaging.() -> Unit)

Specifies options and rules that determine which files the Android plugin packages into your APK.
Unit

This function is deprecated. Renamed to packaging
Unit
productFlavors(action: NamedDomainObjectContainer<ProductFlavorT>.() -> Unit)

Encapsulates all product flavors configurations for this project.
Unit
NamedDomainObjectContainer<BuildTypeT>.release(action: BuildTypeT.() -> Unit)

Shortcut extension method to allow easy access to the predefined release BuildType
Unit

Encapsulates signing configurations that you can apply to BuildType and ProductFlavor configurations.
Unit

Encapsulates source set configurations for all variants.
Unit
splits(action: Splits.() -> Unit)

Specifies configurations for building multiple APKs or APK splits.
Unit

Configure the gathering of code-coverage from tests.
Unit

Specifies options for how the Android plugin should run local and instrumented tests.
Unit

Includes the specified library to the classpath.
Unit
useLibrary(name: String, required: Boolean)

Includes the specified library to the classpath.
Unit
viewBinding(action: ViewBinding.() -> Unit)

Specifies options for the View Binding Library.

Public properties
AaptOptions

This property is deprecated. Replaced by

AdbOptions

This property is deprecated. Replaced by installation
AndroidResourcesT

Specifies options related to the processing of Android Resources.
BuildFeaturesT

A list of build features that can be enabled or disabled on the Android Project.
String

Specifies the version of the SDK Build Tools to use when building your project.
NamedDomainObjectContainer<BuildTypeT>

Encapsulates all build type configurations for this project.
CompileOptions

Specifies Java compiler options, such as the language level of the Java source code and generated bytecode.
Int?

Specifies the API level to compile your project against.
Int?

Specifies the SDK Extension level to compile your project against.
String?

Specify a preview API to compile your project against.
ComposeOptions
DataBinding

Specifies options for the Data Binding Library.
DefaultConfigT

Specifies defaults for variant properties that the Android plugin applies to all build variants.
MutableMap<String, Any>

Additional per module experimental properties.
ExternalNativeBuild

Specifies options for external native build using CMake or ndk-build.
MutableList<String>

Specifies the names of product flavor dimensions for this project.
InstallationT

Specifies options for the Android Debug Bridge (ADB), such as APK installation options.
JacocoOptions

This property is deprecated. Renamed to testCoverage
Lint

Specifies options for the lint tool.
LintOptions

This property is deprecated. Renamed to lint
String?

The namespace of the generated R and BuildConfig classes.
String?

Requires the specified path to NDK be used.
String

Requires the specified NDK version to be used.
Packaging

Specifies options and rules that determine which files the Android plugin packages into your APK.
Packaging

This property is deprecated. Renamed to packaging
NamedDomainObjectContainer<ProductFlavorT>

Encapsulates all product flavors configurations for this project.
String?

Specifies this project's resource prefix to Android Studio for editor features, such as Lint checks.
SdkComponents
NamedDomainObjectContainer<ApkSigningConfig>

Encapsulates signing configurations that you can apply to [ ] and [ ] configurations.
NamedDomainObjectContainer<AndroidSourceSet>

Encapsulates source set configurations for all variants.
Splits

Specifies configurations for building multiple APKs or APK splits.
TestCoverage

Configure the gathering of code-coverage from tests.
TestOptions

Specifies options for how the Android plugin should run local and instrumented tests.
ViewBinding

Specifies options for the View Binding Library.

Public functions

aaptOptions

Added in 4.2.0
Deprecated in 7.0.0
fun aaptOptions(action: AaptOptions.() -> Unit): Unit

Specifies options for the Android Asset Packaging Tool (AAPT).

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see AaptOptions.

adbOptions

Added in 4.2.0
Deprecated in 7.0.0
fun adbOptions(action: AdbOptions.() -> Unit): Unit

Specifies options for the Android Debug Bridge (ADB), such as APK installation options.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see AdbOptions.

androidResources

Added in 8.1.0
fun androidResources(action: AndroidResourcesT.() -> Unit): Unit

Specifies options related to the processing of Android Resources.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see AndroidResources.

buildFeatures

Added in 4.2.0
fun buildFeatures(action: BuildFeaturesT.() -> Unit): Unit

A list of build features that can be enabled or disabled on the Android Project.

buildToolsVersion

Added in 7.0.0
Deprecated in 7.0.0
fun buildToolsVersion(buildToolsVersion: String): Unit

buildTypes

Added in 7.0.0
fun buildTypes(action: NamedDomainObjectContainer<BuildTypeT>.() -> Unit): Unit

Encapsulates all build type configurations for this project.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see BuildType

compileOptions

Added in 4.2.0
fun compileOptions(action: CompileOptions.() -> Unit): Unit

Specifies Java compiler options, such as the language level of the Java source code and generated bytecode.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see CompileOptions.

compileSdkAddon

Added in 4.2.0
fun compileSdkAddon(vendor: String, name: String, version: Int): Unit

Specify an SDK add-on to compile your project against.

This can be set on all Gradle projects with com.android.build.api.dsl.SettingsExtension.compileSdkAddon

Parameters
vendor: String

the vendor name of the add-on.
name: String

the name of the add-on
version: Int

the integer API level of the add-on

compileSdkVersion

Added in 7.0.0
Deprecated in 7.0.0
fun compileSdkVersion(apiLevel: Int): Unit

compileSdkVersion

Added in 7.0.0
Deprecated in 7.0.0
fun compileSdkVersion(version: String): Unit

composeOptions

Added in 4.2.0
fun composeOptions(action: ComposeOptions.() -> Unit): Unit

dataBinding

Added in 4.2.0
fun dataBinding(action: DataBinding.() -> Unit): Unit

Specifies options for the Data Binding Library.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see DataBinding

debug

Added in 7.0.0
fun NamedDomainObjectContainer<BuildTypeT>.debug(action: BuildTypeT.() -> Unit): Unit

Shortcut extension method to allow easy access to the predefined debug BuildType

For example:

 android {
     buildTypes {
         debug {
             // ...
         }
     }
}

defaultConfig

Added in 7.0.0
fun defaultConfig(action: DefaultConfigT.() -> Unit): Unit

Specifies defaults for variant properties that the Android plugin applies to all build variants.

You can override any defaultConfig property when configuring product flavors

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see DefaultConfig.

externalNativeBuild

Added in 4.2.0
fun externalNativeBuild(action: ExternalNativeBuild.() -> Unit): Unit

Specifies options for external native build using CMake or ndk-build.

When using Android Studio 2.2 or higher with Android plugin 2.2.0 or higher, you can compile C and C++ code into a native library that Gradle packages into your APK.

To learn more, read Add C and C++ Code to Your Project.

See also
ExternalNativeBuild

since 2.2.0

flavorDimensions

Added in 7.0.0
Deprecated in 7.0.0
fun flavorDimensions(vararg dimensions: String): Unit

getDefaultProguardFile

Added in 7.0.0
fun getDefaultProguardFile(name: String): File

installation

Added in 8.3.1
fun installation(action: InstallationT.() -> Unit): Unit

Specifies options for the Android Debug Bridge (ADB), such as APK installation options.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see AdbOptions.

jacoco

Added in 4.2.0
Deprecated in 7.0.0
@Incubating
fun jacoco(action: JacocoOptions.() -> Unit): Unit

Configure the gathering of code-coverage from tests.

This is replaced by testCoverage.

lint

Added in 7.0.0
fun lint(action: Lint.() -> Unit): Unit

Specifies options for the lint tool.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see Lint.

lintOptions

Added in 4.2.0
Deprecated in 7.0.0
@Incubating
fun lintOptions(action: LintOptions.() -> Unit): Unit

Specifies options for the lint tool.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see LintOptions.

packaging

Added in 8.0.2
fun packaging(action: Packaging.() -> Unit): Unit

Specifies options and rules that determine which files the Android plugin packages into your APK.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see Packaging.

packagingOptions

Added in 8.0.2
Deprecated in 8.0.2
fun packagingOptions(action: Packaging.() -> Unit): Unit

Specifies options and rules that determine which files the Android plugin packages into your APK.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see Packaging.

productFlavors

Added in 7.0.0
fun productFlavors(action: NamedDomainObjectContainer<ProductFlavorT>.() -> Unit): Unit

Encapsulates all product flavors configurations for this project.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see ProductFlavor

release

Added in 7.0.0
fun NamedDomainObjectContainer<BuildTypeT>.release(action: BuildTypeT.() -> Unit): Unit

Shortcut extension method to allow easy access to the predefined release BuildType

For example:

 android {
     buildTypes {
         release {
             // ...
         }
     }
}

signingConfigs

Added in 7.0.0
fun signingConfigs(action: NamedDomainObjectContainer<ApkSigningConfig>.() -> Unit): Unit

Encapsulates signing configurations that you can apply to BuildType and ProductFlavor configurations.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see ApkSigningConfig.

sourceSets

Added in 7.0.0
fun sourceSets(action: NamedDomainObjectContainer<AndroidSourceSet>.() -> Unit): Unit

Encapsulates source set configurations for all variants.

Note that the Android plugin uses its own implementation of source sets. For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see AndroidSourceSet.

splits

Added in 4.2.0
fun splits(action: Splits.() -> Unit): Unit

Specifies configurations for building multiple APKs or APK splits.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see Splits.

testCoverage

Added in 7.0.0
fun testCoverage(action: TestCoverage.() -> Unit): Unit

Configure the gathering of code-coverage from tests.

To override the JaCoCo version that is used for offline instrumentation and coverage report, add the following to build.gradle file:

android {
    testCoverage {
        jacocoVersion "<jacoco-version>"
    }
}

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see TestCoverage.

testOptions

Added in 4.2.0
@Incubating
fun testOptions(action: TestOptions.() -> Unit): Unit

Specifies options for how the Android plugin should run local and instrumented tests.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see TestOptions.

useLibrary

Added in 4.2.0
fun useLibrary(name: String): Unit

Includes the specified library to the classpath.

You typically use this property to support optional platform libraries that ship with the Android SDK. The following sample adds the Apache HTTP API library to the project classpath:

android {
    // Adds a platform library that ships with the Android SDK.
    useLibrary 'org.apache.http.legacy'
}

To include libraries that do not ship with the SDK, such as local library modules or binaries from remote repositories, add the libraries as dependencies in the dependencies block. Note that Android plugin 3.0.0 and later introduce new dependency configurations. To learn more about Gradle dependencies, read Dependency Management Basics.

Parameters
name: String

the name of the library.

useLibrary

Added in 4.2.0
fun useLibrary(name: String, required: Boolean): Unit

Includes the specified library to the classpath.

You typically use this property to support optional platform libraries that ship with the Android SDK. The following sample adds the Apache HTTP API library to the project classpath:

android {
    // Adds a platform library that ships with the Android SDK.
    useLibrary 'org.apache.http.legacy'
}

To include libraries that do not ship with the SDK, such as local library modules or binaries from remote repositories, "https://developer.android.com/studio/build/dependencies.html in the dependencies block. Note that Android plugin 3.0.0 and later introduce new dependency configurations. To learn more about Gradle dependencies, read Dependency Management Basics

Parameters
name: String

the name of the library.
required: Boolean

if using the library requires a manifest entry, the entry will indicate that the library is not required.

viewBinding

Added in 7.3.0
fun viewBinding(action: ViewBinding.() -> Unit): Unit

Specifies options for the View Binding Library.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see ViewBinding

Public properties

aaptOptions

Added in 4.2.0
Deprecated in 7.0.0
val aaptOptions: AaptOptions

Specifies options for the Android Asset Packaging Tool (AAPT).

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see AaptOptions.

adbOptions

Added in 4.2.0
Deprecated in 7.0.0
val adbOptions: AdbOptions

Specifies options for the Android Debug Bridge (ADB), such as APK installation options.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see AdbOptions.

androidResources

Added in 7.0.0
val androidResources: AndroidResourcesT

Specifies options related to the processing of Android Resources.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see AndroidResources.

buildFeatures

Added in 4.2.0
val buildFeatures: BuildFeaturesT

A list of build features that can be enabled or disabled on the Android Project.

buildToolsVersion

Added in 4.2.0
var buildToolsVersion: String

Specifies the version of the SDK Build Tools to use when building your project.

When using Android plugin 3.0.0 or later, configuring this property is optional. By default, the plugin uses the minimum version of the build tools required by the version of the plugin you're using. To specify a different version of the build tools for the plugin to use, specify the version as follows:

android {
    // Specifying this property is optional.
    buildToolsVersion "26.0.0"
}

For a list of build tools releases, read the release notes.

Note that the value assigned to this property is parsed and stored in a normalized form, so reading it back may give a slightly different result.

This can be set on all Gradle projects with com.android.build.api.dsl.SettingsExtension.buildToolsVersion

buildTypes

Added in 4.2.0
val buildTypes: NamedDomainObjectContainer<BuildTypeT>

Encapsulates all build type configurations for this project.

Unlike using ProductFlavor to create different versions of your project that you expect to co-exist on a single device, build types determine how Gradle builds and packages each version of your project. Developers typically use them to configure projects for various stages of a development lifecycle. For example, when creating a new project from Android Studio, the Android plugin configures a 'debug' and 'release' build type for you. By default, the 'debug' build type enables debugging options and signs your APK with a generic debug keystore. Conversely, The 'release' build type strips out debug symbols and requires you to create a release key and keystore for your app. You can then combine build types with product flavors to create build variants.

See also
BuildType

compileOptions

Added in 4.2.0
val compileOptions: CompileOptions

Specifies Java compiler options, such as the language level of the Java source code and generated bytecode.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see CompileOptions.

compileSdk

Added in 4.2.0
var compileSdk: Int?

Specifies the API level to compile your project against. The Android plugin requires you to configure this property.

This means your code can use only the Android APIs included in that API level and lower. You can configure the compile sdk version by adding the following to the android block: compileSdk = 26.

You should generally use the most up-to-date API level available. If you are planning to also support older API levels, it's good practice to use the Lint tool to check if you are using APIs that are not available in earlier API levels.

The value you assign to this property is parsed and stored in a normalized form, so reading it back may return a slightly different value.

This can be set on all Gradle projects with com.android.build.api.dsl.SettingsExtension.compileSdk

compileSdkExtension

Added in 7.1.0
var compileSdkExtension: Int?

Specifies the SDK Extension level to compile your project against. This value is optional.

When not provided the base extension for the given compileSdk API level will be selected.

This can be set on all Gradle projects with com.android.build.api.dsl.SettingsExtension.compileSdkExtension

compileSdkPreview

Added in 4.2.0
var compileSdkPreview: String?

Specify a preview API to compile your project against.

For example, to try out the Android S preview, rather than compileSdk = 30 you can use compileSdkPreview = "S"

Once the preview APIs are finalized, they will be allocated a stable integer value.

This can be set on all Gradle projects with com.android.build.api.dsl.SettingsExtension.compileSdkPreview

composeOptions

Added in 4.2.0
val composeOptions: ComposeOptions

dataBinding

Added in 4.2.0
val dataBinding: DataBinding

Specifies options for the Data Binding Library.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see DataBinding

defaultConfig

Added in 4.2.0
val defaultConfig: DefaultConfigT

Specifies defaults for variant properties that the Android plugin applies to all build variants.

You can override any defaultConfig property when configuring product flavors

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see DefaultConfig.

experimentalProperties

Added in 7.0.0
val experimentalProperties: MutableMap<String, Any>

Additional per module experimental properties.

Values provided should not be based on a Task execution result, as most of these properties are read during configuration.

externalNativeBuild

Added in 4.2.0
val externalNativeBuild: ExternalNativeBuild

Specifies options for external native build using CMake or ndk-build.

When using Android Studio 2.2 or higher with Android plugin 2.2.0 or higher, you can compile C and C++ code into a native library that Gradle packages into your APK.

To learn more, read Add C and C++ Code to Your Project.

See also
ExternalNativeBuild

since 2.2.0

flavorDimensions

Added in 4.2.0
val flavorDimensions: MutableList<String>

Specifies the names of product flavor dimensions for this project.

When configuring product flavors with Android plugin 3.0.0 and higher, you must specify at least one flavor dimension, using the flavorDimensions property, and then assign each flavor to a dimension. Otherwise, you will get the following build error:

Error:All flavors must now belong to a named flavor dimension.
The flavor 'flavor_name' is not assigned to a flavor dimension.

By default, when you specify only one dimension, all flavors you configure automatically belong to that dimension. If you specify more than one dimension, you need to manually assign each flavor to a dimension, as shown in the sample below.

Flavor dimensions allow you to create groups of product flavors that you can combine with flavors from other flavor dimensions. For example, you can have one dimension that includes a 'free' and 'paid' version of your app, and another dimension for flavors that support different API levels, such as 'minApi21' and 'minApi24'. The Android plugin can then combine flavors from these dimensions—including their settings, code, and resources—to create variants such as 'debugFreeMinApi21' and 'releasePaidMinApi24', and so on. The sample below shows you how to specify flavor dimensions and add product flavors to them.

android {
    ...
    // Specifies the flavor dimensions you want to use. The order in which you
    // list each dimension determines its priority, from highest to lowest,
    // when Gradle merges variant sources and configurations. You must assign
    // each product flavor you configure to one of the flavor dimensions.
    flavorDimensions 'api', 'version'

    productFlavors {
      demo {
        // Assigns this product flavor to the 'version' flavor dimension.
        dimension 'version'
        ...
    }

      full {
        dimension 'version'
        ...
      }

      minApi24 {
        // Assigns this flavor to the 'api' dimension.
        dimension 'api'
        minSdkVersion '24'
        versionNameSuffix "-minApi24"
        ...
      }

      minApi21 {
        dimension "api"
        minSdkVersion '21'
        versionNameSuffix "-minApi21"
        ...
      }
   }
}

To learn more, read Combine multiple flavors.

installation

Added in 7.0.0
val installation: InstallationT

Specifies options for the Android Debug Bridge (ADB), such as APK installation options.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see AdbOptions.

jacoco

Added in 4.2.0
Deprecated in 7.0.0
val jacoco: JacocoOptions

Configure the gathering of code-coverage from tests.

This is replaced by testCoverage.

lint

Added in 7.0.0
val lint: Lint

Specifies options for the lint tool.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see Lint.

lintOptions

Added in 4.2.0
Deprecated in 7.0.0
val lintOptions: LintOptions

Specifies options for the lint tool.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see LintOptions.

namespace

Added in 4.2.0
var namespace: String?

The namespace of the generated R and BuildConfig classes. Also, the namespace used to resolve any relative class names that are declared in the AndroidManifest.xml.

ndkPath

Added in 4.2.0
var ndkPath: String?

Requires the specified path to NDK be used.

Use this to specify a path to the NDK folder to be used for C and C++ builds.

android {
    // Path to custom NDK location
    ndkPath '/path/to/ndk'
}

If this field is specified, then the version it refers to need to match the one specified in ndkVersion. If ndkVersion is not specified, ndkPath need to match the default ndkVersion

For additional information about NDK installation see Install and configure the NDK.

This can be set on all Gradle projects with com.android.build.api.dsl.SettingsExtension.ndkPath

ndkVersion

Added in 4.2.0
var ndkVersion: String

Requires the specified NDK version to be used.

Use this to specify a fixed NDK version. Without this, each new version of the Android Gradle Plugin will choose a specific version of NDK to use, so upgrading the plugin also means upgrading the NDK. Locking to a specific version can increase repeatability of the build.

android {
    // Use a fixed NDK version
    ndkVersion '20.1.5948944'
}

If this field is specified then android.ndkPath may not be specified. If this field is not specified, a default value will be provided depending on the AGP version

The required format of the version is major.minor.build. It's not legal to specify less precision. If ndk.dir is specified in local.properties file then the NDK that it points to must match the android.ndkVersion.

Prior to Android Gradle Plugin version 3.5, the highest installed version of NDK will be used. In Android Gradle Plugin 3.4, specifying android.ndkVersion was not an error, but the value would be ignored. Prior to Android Gradle Plugin version 3.4, it was illegal to specify android.ndkVersion.

For additional information about NDK installation see Install and configure the NDK.

This can be set on all Gradle projects with com.android.build.api.dsl.SettingsExtension.ndkVersion

packaging

Added in 8.0.2
val packaging: Packaging

Specifies options and rules that determine which files the Android plugin packages into your APK.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see Packaging.

packagingOptions

Added in 4.2.0
Deprecated in 8.0.2
val packagingOptions: Packaging

Specifies options and rules that determine which files the Android plugin packages into your APK.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see Packaging.

productFlavors

Added in 4.2.0
val productFlavors: NamedDomainObjectContainer<ProductFlavorT>

Encapsulates all product flavors configurations for this project.

Product flavors represent different versions of your project that you expect to co-exist on a single device, the Google Play store, or repository. For example, you can configure 'demo' and 'full' product flavors for your app, and each of those flavors can specify different features, device requirements, resources, and application ID's--while sharing common source code and resources. So, product flavors allow you to output different versions of your project by simply changing only the components and settings that are different between them.

Configuring product flavors is similar to configuring build types: add them to the productFlavors block of your project's build.gradle file and configure the settings you want. Product flavors support the same properties as the defaultConfig block--this is because defaultConfig defines an object that the plugin uses as the base configuration for all other flavors. Each flavor you configure can then override any of the default values in defaultConfig, such as the applicationId.

When using Android plugin 3.0.0 and higher, each flavor must belong to a com.android.build.gradle.BaseExtension.html#com.android.build.gradle.BaseExtension:flavorDimensions(java.lang.String[]) value. By default, when you specify only one dimension, all flavors you configure belong to that dimension. If you specify more than one flavor dimension, you need to manually assign each flavor to a dimension. To learn more, read Use Flavor Dimensions for variant-aware dependency management.

When you configure product flavors, the Android plugin automatically combines them with your BuildType configurations to create build variants. If the plugin creates certain build variants that you don't want, you can filter variants.

See also
ProductFlavor

resourcePrefix

Added in 4.2.0
var resourcePrefix: String?

Specifies this project's resource prefix to Android Studio for editor features, such as Lint checks. This property is useful only when using Android Studio.

Including unique prefixes for project resources helps avoid naming collisions with resources from other projects.

For example, when creating a library with String resources, you may want to name each resource with a unique prefix, such as "mylib_" to avoid naming collisions with similar resources that the consumer defines.

You can then specify this prefix, as shown below, so that Android Studio expects this prefix when you name project resources:

// This property is useful only when developing your project in Android Studio.
resourcePrefix 'mylib_'

sdkComponents

Added in 4.2.0
Deprecated in 4.2.0
val sdkComponents: SdkComponents

signingConfigs

Added in 4.2.0
val signingConfigs: NamedDomainObjectContainer<ApkSigningConfig>

Encapsulates signing configurations that you can apply to [ ] and [ ] configurations.

Android requires that all APKs be digitally signed with a certificate before they can be installed onto a device. When deploying a debug version of your project from Android Studio, the Android plugin automatically signs your APK with a generic debug certificate. However, to build an APK for release, you must sign the APK with a release key and keystore. You can do this by either using the Android Studio UI or manually configuring your build.gradle file.

See also
ApkSigningConfig

sourceSets

Added in 4.2.0
val sourceSets: NamedDomainObjectContainer<AndroidSourceSet>

Encapsulates source set configurations for all variants.

Note that the Android plugin uses its own implementation of source sets. For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see AndroidSourceSet.

splits

Added in 4.2.0
val splits: Splits

Specifies configurations for building multiple APKs or APK splits.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see Splits.

testCoverage

Added in 7.0.0
val testCoverage: TestCoverage

Configure the gathering of code-coverage from tests.

To override the JaCoCo version that is used for offline instrumentation and coverage report, add the following to build.gradle file:

android {
    testCoverage {
        jacocoVersion "<jacoco-version>"
    }
}

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see TestCoverage.

testOptions

Added in 4.2.0
val testOptions: TestOptions

Specifies options for how the Android plugin should run local and instrumented tests.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see TestOptions.

viewBinding

Added in 7.3.0
val viewBinding: ViewBinding

Specifies options for the View Binding Library.

For more information about the properties you can configure in this block, see ViewBinding